CoBB When a bathroom floor collapes, itis most often a _____ collapse.
Local
CoBB
The seriosness of a floor collapse depends upon the _______ to fail.
First Structure
CoBB
Failure of a _______ supporting a ______ is the most devastating type of floor collapse. Because it may trigger the collapse of the entire building.
Column, Girder
CoBB
The 3 most common types of sloping roofs are the _____, ______, and ______.
Gable, Gambrel, and Hip
CoBB
_______ tie opposing sloping roof rafters together to help resist the otward thrust of the rafters at the eaves.
Collar Beams
CoBB
What type of roofs structural members consist of two bearing walls and a ridge pole?
Gable Roof
CoBB
What type of roofs structural members consist of only two bearing walls?
Flat Roof
CoBB
What roofs structural members consist of two bearing walls, one ridgepole and four hip rafters?
Hip Roof
CoBB
Name the tree most common types of wood construction used for sloping roofs.
*Timber Truss
*Plank and beam
*Rafter
CoBB
One slate or tile shingles can be ______ thick and weigh up to ____.
2" and 10 lbs
CoBB
A roof or floor which has the structural members spaced several feet apart. Creats a _____ effect.
Springboard
CoBB
The stability of the roof deck depends on the number of _____ running purpendicular to the trusses.
Purlins
CoBB
Roof covering can be devided into two categories which are ____ and _____ coverings.
*Built-up Roof covrings
*Prepared roof coverings
CoBB
Timber is wooden construct6ion larger than __ but not large enough to be classified as ___.
2x4, Heavy Timber
CoBB
The most common connector for a timber truss roof is the ______ connector.
Split ring metal
CoBB
The most common timber truss roof is the ______ timber truss.
Bowstring
CoBB
How many Bearing walls does a bowstring truss roof have?
4
CoBB
Openings in a wall weaken its _______ capacity and permit _____.
Load bearing, Fire spread
CoBB
During a fire, ______ of a truss is the key to a safe operation.
Early identification
CoBB
A large space, created by the concave underside of a bowstring roof which collect the heat and smoke is called a _________.
Heat Sink
CoBB
When the I.C. recieves conflicting reports from interior and roof crews in a bowstring truss building, Which report is the more important?
The roof crews
CoBB
In a timber truss bldg., the main fire will be in the ______.
Roof Structure, not the content below
CoBB
In what way do web members w/ fire retarding materials react differently in refernce to collapse then those w/o fire retarding materials?
With= trusses fail one at a time
Without= the entire roof will fail at once
CoBB
Roof ventilation is a _______ tactics in an occupied bldg.
Life saving
CoBB
When evacuating a truss roof, firefightes should retreat in a direction ______ to the roof trusses.
Perpendicular
What 2 things does a firefighter need to determine a roofs stability?
* Knowledge of a roofs construction
* Experiance in fire size-up
Flat roofs are supported in what 3 ways?
* Solid Beams
* Parrallel chord
* Open-web steel bar joist
Lightweight roof joist (parallel cord wood) may be expected to fail after about _____ inn a fully developed fire.
10 minutes
A stell bar joist system may collapse after _____ of exposure to fire.
5-10 minutes
What type of ventilation should be used w/ fire buildings which have steel joist or parallel chourd roof system?
Horizontal
When a roof has a interventing space in which the roof deck is resting on a smaller wood framework which is built above the main roof supports, it is called a ____ or _____ roof.
RAISED OR INVERTED
FF's operating on a roof should continuosly beaware of an ______ and should never allow fire to ______ and their roof position.
* Emergency escape route
* Get between their escape route
A change in roof joist _____ and failure characteristics of ______ steel must be viewed by FFs as an extremely hazardous change in roof construction.
Spacing, Unprotected
Lightwieght steel bar joist encased in a fire-protective material has a fire-resistive rating of up to______ .
4 hours
Depending on the size of the steel and the roof load, open web steel bar joist can be spaced up to ______ apart.
8 feet
What 4 factoprs dtermine the speed w/ which unprotected steel will fail during a fire?
* Temperature of fire
* Size of fire
* Load stress
* Steel thickness
The failure temp. of steel is ______, at which point it losses approx. _____ of its load carrying capacity.
1100*F, 40%
When heated to 1100* F the lenght of a steel member increases approx.???
1 inch every 10 feet
Refering to stress factor, the _________ the supported load, the ______ a structural steel member can fail.
greater, faster
Name the 2 common types of roof decks used above the corragated steel deck of a bar joist roof.
Precast concrete plank
Lightyweight insulation
The ______ shows the temp. rise of a standard test fire used to measure the fire performance of construction assemblies.
Time-temp curve
Two types of wood truss systems are?
Lightwieght and heavy timber
In a heavy timber roof construction, the dimension must be at least ____ wide and ____ deep.
4 inches wide, 6 inches deep
In ANY structural element, the critical area subject to failure during a fire is the ____.
Point of connection
A flat floor or floor suported by lightweight truss will allow fire spread faster throughout the concealed space then one supported by a ________.
Solid Beam
What 2 broad categories can ceilings be devided into?
Those affixed to floor joist above
suspended
What are 3 common types of suspended ceilings?
*Wood gridw/ affixed ceiling
*Metal grid w/ affixed ceiling
*Lightwieght metal grid w/removable panels
The additional suspended ceiling and the holes that accompany them create a _______ effect which provides for vertical spread of fire.
Honeycomb
Lieghtweight metal grid systems weigh approx. ____ psf, while the other two can weigh up to ________psf.
1 psf, 10 psf
The most important first step for the rescue of a FF trapped beneath a ceiling is to sweep the collapse area above the ceiling with a _____
Hose line to knock down flames
A ______ may be used to temporarily shore up a weakened ceiling.
Portable ladder
When effecting a rescue for a FF trapped in a rear of a store. the entry should be made from________.
Adjoining Stores
The ___ is the safest area in a wooden interior and logically the best avenue for inital fire attack.
Stairway
Name 3 types of stairs?
U return
L shaped
Straight run
A ________ stair is most often constructed of wood and found in____ where as the _____________stair is most often constructed w/ a steel frame and is preferred in modern buildings.
L-shaped, residential home,U-turn
An L-shaped stair breaks up the stair climb at the middle of the rise w/ an intermediate landing.
True/False
False (U-return)
Weather or not a stair will collapse w/ a floor depends on the _______.
Stair design
The most serious injuries resulting from a U-return stair collapse occur at the ______.
Intermediate Landing
The most frequent cuase of collapse of a U-return stair w/ stone treads, a FF should place the middle of his foot on the _____ directly over the______.
Stone Tread, riser
On a ______ stair, there are no soffits.
U-return
The most fequent cause of collapse of a U-return stair is the failure of the stone____ or ____.
Tread or step
Name the 3 classifications of fire escapes?
*Exterior Screened Stairway
* party balcony
* Standard w/ mechanical street ladder
The cause of most injuries due to fire escape collapse is?
Step Failure
The sfest type of fire escape is?
Exterior Screened Stairway
The hazard of the _______ is collapse from overlading or failure of the supports.
Party Balcony
The most common type of fire escape on a residential building ia?
Standard Fire escape
The most frequent cause of injury to FF's using standard fire escape is?
Step Collapse
Where should a FF position himself when a lowering a drop ladder?
Beneath the Fire escape
Firefighters should remember that a broken or missing step_______________.
Serves as a warning.
A _____ Collapse may not exhibit any structural warnings before its collapse.
Inward/Outward
Structures w/ _____ walls rarely have more than one wall collapse at a time except in case of ______.
Masonry, explosion
Of the 3 types of wood frame buildings, ____ buildings present the greatest firefghter danger.
Braced-framed
Name the 2 less common types of wood frame construction.
Log Cabin, Plank and Beam
WHat are the 2 indicators of a building of brace-frame construction?
*Mortise and tenon joints
*large timbers
What 3 factors contribute to the inward/outward collapse of a braced-framed building?
*Failure at the mortise and tenon
*Exterior wall overload
*Destruction of bearing walls
In peaked roof bldgs, bearing bearing walls support the majority of the ________ that are parrallel to the _______.
Roof rafters, ridgepole
In flat-roofed wood bldgs the bearing walls are ussually the walls with the _______.
Greatest Dimension
The exterior wall of a wood frame bldg can be weakened by the weight of_______.
A metal fire escape/ ladder
During a fire, the wall supporting a metal fire escape must be considered a ____.
Structural danger
Name the two types of masonry surfaces applied to outside walls of old wood bldgs.
*Brick and mortor veneer
*Stucco
Name 2 types of framework for high=rise structures.
* Structural Steel
* Reinforced Concrete
Reinforced concrete bldgs are built w/ either ______ and ______ methods.
Precast
or
Cast in place
What type of concrete structures under construction experiance the greatest number of major fires?
Cast in Place
It takes appox. ___ for concrete to reach its maximum strength?
27 Days
After ____ hours a concrete floor, depending upon the_____,and _____, can have sufficient enough strength to remove the framework.
48, types of concrete and temperature
Within ___ hours of pouring , the entire concrete floor can collapse on FFs if the wood frame work has been destroyed by fire.
24 hours
The ___ content of concrete is greatest during the first 27 days after pouring.
Relative moisture
Name two types of spalling??
Explosive,
Dropping
The 4 x 4 timber used for framework which are known to FFs as columns, girders, and beams are know to construction wrokers as_____,_____, and_______.
Legs, Stringers and Ribs
If removing timbers from framework, FFs should consult w/ the construction __________ to determine the structural stability of the framework.
Shoring Forman
The _________ presents a serious collapse danger during a fire because it extends beyong the outer edge of the structur and is constructed w/ ___ x __ timbers
Scaffolding, 2x8
Name some differences between equipment hoist and a personnel hoist.
Personnel= controls in car, much safer
Equipment= controls on the ground, 1 to 2 steel cables, no safety brakes
Chief's dealing w/ windblown embers must direc FFs to___________.
Examine adjacent roofs
In many states, the laws require a vertical standpipe system foe any bldg over ____ stories.
7 stories
During construction, the standpipe riser is to keep pace w/ the hieght of the bldg usually ____ to ____ stories below the most recently constructed level.
1 to 2 stories
When high-rise bldgs under construction exceed __ or__, an _____ valve must sbdivide the vertical riser into sections.
150ft or 15 stories
OS and Y
When water cannot be pumped to an upper floor and all valves are confirmed closed, the pipe riser should be examined for the presence of a ___ and Check _____.
OS and Y, its position
Fire Companies should _______ inspect all construction sites to be familiar with hazards.
Periodically
__________ is ground based or an aerial device w/ a fog/straight stream delivering more then _____.
Master Streams, 300 GPM
What 3 changes have increased the effectiveness of the master stream?
*Hose diameter have increased
*improved radio communication
*Master streams are no longer restricted to the ground
Name 3 of the happiest people in n the BCOFD?
:{)
A lil laugh
Wkat is the most serious collapse danger which a master stream can cause?
The Large volume of water dichared intro the bldg.
When smokes reduces visibility, FFs must rely on the ___________ striking objects to determine its effectiveness.
Sounds of a master stream
When a fire is in the cockloft, streams are most effective when positioned _________.
Below the ceiling
What 3 elements are required for a safe transition from interior to an exterior attack on a building structure?
Interior OIC has effective command and control of FFs
Effective Communication between the interior/exterior OIC
Exterior OIC understands the never-changing priorities of fireground strategy
________ and is one of the most important objectives of a collapse rescue operation.
Control and Orginization
The best way to gain control of a collapse rescue effort is for the OIC to issue __________.
Specific Assignments
Prioritize the following stepsof a standard collapse rescue plan: General debis removal, Search/remove surface vitims, search voids, survey the collapse site, shut off utilities, select debris removal
1. Survey collapse site
2. Shut off utilities
3. Remove surface victims
4. Search voids
5. Selected debris removal
6. General debris removal
One of the most important assignments to be given by the OIC is to _________.
Shut off utilities
After every structural collapse where portions of the bldg remain broken but upright. there is danger of ______________.
Secondary Collapse
The important point when ________ is not to move or attemp to restore the unstable structure to its________.
SHoring, Original position
After a large -scale strutural failure, the members at the scene will need ________.
Replacement
When a collapse occurs during a fire he first duty of the OIC is to determine?
Is to determine if anyone is trapped or missing
Even if all FFs are accounted for. The _________ should still be carried out.
General debris removal
Only after notification from a ______ or ______, can the chief direct a precautionary action, warn others at the scene or change his strategy.
Firefighter or Officer
A precautionary actionmay range from a _____ acknowledgment to an ________ of all FFs.
Simple verbal, emergency evacuation
________ can be detirmined by examining the floor joist where the end rests on the corbel shelf or girder.
Overloading
There should be at least ____ or more of floor joistends being supported by the shelf or girder.
2 inches or more
When roping off an area, the rope /tape should be from____ to ________ height above the ground.
Waist to Chest
Miscalculation of the potential ______ wall collapse could be just as deadly as miscalculation of the __ area of a wall collapse.
Horizontal, Vertical
All masonry walls separating blds into sections are not ______?
True Fire walls
A ______ seperating two sections of a bldg is designed toallow collapse of the roof of one section w/o affecting tyhe ____ of ______ of said wall.
Firewall, Integrity or stability
_________ is the one situation that most often causes a commander to withdraw FFs from a burning bldg.
Large body of fire in an old bldg
The difference between withdrawing FF and an emergency evac, is the _____ of collapse versus a collapse that ______ or _____.
Anticipation
Will definitly happen or has already occured
The 3 commandments of fire ground stategy are?
Protect life
Containment of fire
Protection of property
A firefighters death or seroius injury cannot be justified by _______.
Property Protection
Size up duties of the first in OIC are to locate ______ and determine _____________.
The fire, Its severity
A _________ is a strategy, tactic and safety investigation from the point of view iof the fireground commander.
Post-fire analysis
Two important factors of the fire analysis fact sheet are the point of the fire ________ and the __________.
Origin, cause of the fire.
Fire spread beyond the point of origin is primarily determined by the structures ______ and _______.
Design and construction
Match the following:
1. Structural fire loading_____ a. ordinary
2. Combustible exterior walls _____b. Limited combustible
3. Central A/C duct system _______c. Heavy timber
4. Concealed voids _______d. Fire resistive
5. Combutible roof deck ______e. wood frame
CoBB
Match the following:
1.Early roof collapse ______ a. Ordinary
2. Bearing wall/ instant floor collapse______ b. Fire resistive
3. Lacalized ceiling collapse by spalling______c. Heavy Timber
4. Parapet wall collapse _____ d. Limited combustible
5. Floor collapse followed be masonry walls _____e. Wood-frame
3. Lacalized ceiling collapse by spalling ====b. Fire resistive
4. Parapet wall collapse ====a. Ordinary
5. Floor collapse followed be masonry walls ====c. Heavy Timber
CoBB
In many instances there are ___ causes of a burning bldg collapse.
More than one
Cobb
_______ is the planning/directing of the actions of a large # of FFs and Apparatus
Strategy
Cobb
______ are the operation of a fire company performed at a fire.
Tactics
CoBB
Name 3 parts to the post-fire-ground analysis?
Fact sheet
Diagram of fireground
Photo documentation
CoBB
The most important part of the post-fire-analysis is the ____.
Photo documentation
CoBB
The _________ used to fasten structural members together is a factor in many collapses.
Type of connection
CoBB
The most important stategy and tactical consideration at a fire is ________ and _______.
Water Supply and Pressure
CoBB
A burning building collapse is the ____ leading cause of fire ground deaths.
Fourth
CoBB
What 3 factors will increase the number of burning building collapses?
Age of building
Abandonment
lightweight construction materials
CoBB
A building like a person has a life span of around ______ years.
75 to 100
CoBB
One reason for the lack of _____ is that any research into the subject offers little benefit to anyone except _________.
Collapse studies
Firefighters
CoBB
________ is any portion of a structure that fails as a result of a fire.
Structural collapse
CoBB
The most important reason for the absence of collapse info for FF's is the lack of FD _______ and ________ of collapse.
Documentation and record
CoBB
When a burning building collapse kills or seriously injures a FF a ___________ and analysis should be conducted
Post-incident investigation
CoBB
______ is a curved masonry structure used as a support over an open space.
Arch
CoBB
Name the 3 basic methods for constructing wood frame residential buildings?
Brace frame
Balloon frame
Platform
CoBB
A ______ is a horizontal structural member subject to compression, tension, and shearing?
Beam
CoBB
Name 3 types of beams?
Simple
Continuous
Cantilever
CoBB
_______ frame buildings exterior walls have studs extending continuously from the structures ________ sill to the top plate near the ______.
Balloon Frame
Foundation
Attic
CoBB
_______ Frame construction also known as Post and Girt?
Braced frame
CoBB
In Post and Girt or Braced framed construction, the Post is the ________ structural member, and the girt is the ___________ structural member.
Vertical, Horizontal
CoBB
Post and Girt are connected by _______ and ________ joints?
Mortise and tenon
CoBB
Brace framed building walls often fail in a ___________ collapse.
Inward/outward
CoBB
____________ is a wall reinforced or brace built on the outside of a structure.
A Buttress
CoBB
When seperated from the wall and connected by an arch at the top, it is known as A ___________.
Flying buttress
CoBB
A buttress constructed on the inside of a wall as called a _________.
Pilaster
Cobb
Name 3 types of masonry wall collapse?
Inward/Outward
Curtain-fall
90 degree
CoBB
____________ is a type of collapse of an exterior wall that breaks apart horizontally.
Inward/Outward
CoBB
__________ is a wood-frame building collapse indicated by th burning structure slowly starting to tilt or lean to one side.
Lean-over collapse
CoBB
A floor collapse in which one end of the floor beams remain partially supported by the bearing wall and the other end collapses on the floor below is known as a _________ Collapse.
Lean to collapse
CoBB
A lean to collapse can be classified as _____ or _____.
Supported or Unsupported
CoBB
A __ adds stability to a masonry wall.
Buttress
CoBB
When floor beams pull loose or collapse at both ends, it is called a __________.
Pancake floor collapse
CoBB
The collapse of portions of taller burning structures on to smaller structures causing the smaller to collapse is a ________.
Secondary Collapse
CoBB
_________ is when a floor collapses and a interior partition or wall holds up the center of the fallen floor.
A Tent floor collapse
________ is the collapse of a floor at the center and both ends remain partially supported.
V-shape floor collapse
________ is a vertical structural member subject to compressive forces.
A Column
CoBB
______ and ______ are considered the main vertical framework of a building?
Columns and bearing walls
CoBB
_______ and ___ are the main horizontal framework of a building...
Girders and Beams
CoBB
___________is the top masonry tile or stone of a parapet wall, designed to carry off rainwater. It is also known as a ______.
Coping stone
Cap Stone
CoBB
____ is a bracket or extension of masonry that projects from a masonry wall. it can be decorative or used as a support.
Corbel
CoBB
A Corbel used on the inside of a masonry wall to support a beam is called a ______.
Corbel shelf or Corbel ledge
CoBB
__________ is a horizontal surface covering supported by a floor or a roof beam.
Deck
CoBB
_________ is a bend, twist or curve of a structural element under a load.
Deflection
CoBB
The front or face of a building is called _______.
Facade
CoBB
The portion of a facade wall which extends above the roof level is called a ________.
Parapet wall
The ________ wall with a ______ is one of the most unstable walls a FF will encounter.
Ornamental Facade Parapet
Decorative corbel coping stone
CoBB
A ________ beam is a gravity support beam end designed to release itself from the masonry wall during a collapse.
Fire-Cut
Name the advantage and disadvantage for FF and the fire cut beam??
Advantage- The floor collapse will not topple the bearing walls outward.
Disadvantage- early floor collapse n interior crews.
CoBB
_________ is the maximum amount of heat release when all combustible material in a given fire area is burned.
Fire Load
CoBB
______ is the cause of motion change in a motion, or stoppage of motion.
Force
CoBB
A force acting on a structure can be ____ or ________.
External or Internal
CoBB
Any type of external force is a _______.
Load
CoBB
An internal force is a _______.
Stress
CoBB
A structural element that supports floors or roof beams?
Girder
CoBB
A metal fastener in the form a of a plate, used to connect structural members?
Gusset Plate
CoBB
A type of gusset plate, used on light weight wood trusses, which is a ___ thick piece of sheet metal and v-shaped holes ____ long that are punched out and act as the nails.
Sheet metal surface fastener
1/4", 1/2"
Page 148
CoBB
A _______ beam, sometime doubled for strength is used to reinforce the opening of a floor and is placed perpendicular to the trimmer beam.
Header
CoBB
Structural collapse during a fire is directly proportional to the _______.
Fire Load
Cobb
A ______ is a piece of lumber used as a floor beam. It is also called a ____ or ________.
Joist
Rafter or Beam
CoBB
______ is most of used when stating the strength of steel (K.S.I.) and equals _______??
KIP, 1000 lbs
Cobb
A _______ is a load bearing structural element that supports and redistributes the load above a opening?
Lintel
Name 4 types of loads which can act upon a structure and cause its collapse
Dead
Live
Impact
Fire
Cobb
A load can be imposed upon a structural element in what 3 methods.
Axial
Eccentric
Torsional or Twisting
A ____ load is applied at one point or within a limited area of the structure.
Concentrated
What are 5 major loads that must be considered in the design of a building?
Dead, Live, Wind, Impact, and Seismic loads
Cobb
________ loads pass through the center of the structure. Explain how this can shift.
Axial Loads
Heat from fire deforms structural elements transmitting load to eccentric
_______ loads are applied to a structure suddenly, such as a shock wave vibration load
Impact
Cobb
A ________ load transmitted off-center or evenly though the structural member.
Eccentric
Cobb____ is a load that remains constant and is applied slowly.
Static
Cobb
______ Load creates a twisting stress on a structural member.
Torsional
Cobb
______ is a transient or movable load such as the buildings contents and occupants.
Live
Cobb
_______ load is applied to an upright structure from a direction parallel to the ground.
Lateral
Cobb
______ Load is a static/ fixed load created by the structure itself and the permanent equipment within the structure.
Dead
Cobb
______ load is imposed on a structure by the wind?
Wind
Cobb
Name the types of loads a FF and Master sream impose upon a structure.
Fire Fighters- Live and Static
Masterstreams- impact, lateral, live from water discharge...
Cobb
Name 3 types of stress imposed on a structure?
Compression
Tension
Sheer
Cobb
The most dangerous load is a _____ load.
Concentrated
Cobb
The opposite of a concentrated load is a ________ load.
Distributed
Cobb________ is the structural connection in which a hole is cut into the timber to receive the _______.
Mortise, Tenon
Cobb
________ is a light wieght steel truss used as a floor or roof beam.
Open web steel bar joist
If a open web steel bar joist is unprotected, it can fail after___ to ___ minutes of fire exposure.
5 to 10 minutes
Cobb
A pilaster, also called a __________________, can carry the load of a girder/ timber or provide_______ support to a wall.
Wall column, Lateral
Cobb
Mortis and Tenon reduces its capacity.
Load Bearing
Cobb
________ frame construction has one level built and raised, the floor beams and deck are built on top of said level's walls, then the next level is built.
Platform
Cobb
_______ is a structure that supports another structural member in the same building.
Primary Structural member
Cobb
Name the two types of end beams?
Restrained and Unrestrained
Cobb
A _____- is a horizontal timber that frames the highest point of a peak roof.
Ridge pole
Cobb
_______ is the quotient of the load that will cause a structure to collapse divided by the load a structure is designed to support.
Safety Factor
Cobb
Most structural elements are designed with a safety factor of_____.
Two or more
Cobb
From a construction/fire protection standpoint, _____ frame construction is superior to the other types.
Platform
Cobb
____ is the force exerted upon a structure member that strains or deforms its shape.
Stress
Cobb
_______ causes a structure to collapse when contacting parts or layers of the structure slide past one another.
Sheer stress
Cobb
______ are built several inches/feet below thew supporting roof, or floor beams above.
Suspended Ceilings
Cobb
_____ presses or squeezes a structure together.
Compression Force
Cobb
The concealed space above the suspended ceiling is sometimes called a ________.
Cockloft
Cobb
_____ stress is placed on a structural member by the pull of forces causing extension.
Tension
Excessive _______ on a structure can cause it to collapse more quickly during a fire
Stress
Cobb
A projecting, reduced portion of a timber designed to be inserted into another timber is known as a ______.
Tenon
Cobb
A_________ floor can insulate any flames, heat , and smoke below.
Tarrazo
Cobb
A ______ beam is constructed around the perimeter of a flor opening which supports the header.
Trimmer
Cobb
____ rests on a support ________and ______ and is held in place only by gravity.
Unrestrained beams,
Corbel ledge or Girder
Cobb
A ______ is a brace arrangement of steel or wood frame work made w/ triangular connecting members.
Truss
Cobb
Name the 3 types of roof trusses?
Peaked truss
Bowstring truss
Parallel cord Truss
Cobb
Name 3 types of walls.
Free standing
bearing
non-bearing
Cobb
________ is the continuation of a party , fire, or exterior wall extending above the roof line.
Parapet
Cobb
______ is a free standing masonry wall surrounding an area.
Area wall
Cobb
_____ is a bearing wall that supports floors and roofs of two buildings.
Party Wall
Cobb
____ is the portion of an interior wall between the top of one window opening and the bottom of another.
Spandrel Wall
Cobb
________ is exposed to the elements on both sides top an bottom.
Free standing
Cobb
______ is a non-bearing self-suppoting wall designed to prevent the passage of fire from one side to the other.
Fire Wall
Cobb
______ is an exterior/interior wall that supports a load in addition to its own weight.
Bearing Wall
Cobb
___________ is a finished/Facing brick or stone wall on the outside of a building which is fastened to the wall w/ cement or metal ties.
Veneer Wall
Cobb
Although it can act as a barrier, a _____________ wall is not designed to be a fire wall.
Party wall
Cobb
A ___ wall is the most unstable wall the most likely to collapse during a fire.
Free Standing Wall
Cobb
Name thew two types of hazardous collapse zones?
Horizontal and Vertical
Cobb
____________________ is the expected ground area that a falling wall will cover. Generally it is the ______ equal to the _________.
Vertical collapse zone
Distance away from the wall = to the height of the wall
Cobb
Name 5 basic types of building construction?
Fire Resistive
Non Combustible
Ordinary
Heavy Timber
Wood Frame
Cobb
The major Fire problem in a Fire-resistive building is the _______.
Central Air Conditioning System
Cobb
The fire problem associated w/ limited combustible buildings is the ____________- that can ignite during a fire.
Flat, Steel roof deck covering
Cobb
To counteract this the NFAA recommends the total weight of asphalt not exceed ____ to ____ lbs per _____ sq ft of roof area.
12-15 lbs, 100 sq ft
Cobb
The NFAA also recommends the felt and insulation be _____ and the asphalt application cover only the ______.
Non combustible
Over lapping edges
The major fire problem with ordinary construction bldgs is the fire/smoke spread though out _____.
Concealed Spaces
Cobb
The Largest and most serious conceled space is the _________.
Common Cockloft
Cobb The major fire problem of heavy timber construction is the _________ it produces.
Radiant heat waves
Cobb A fire in a bldg of heavy timber is sometimes called __________________ burning.Slow
Slow
Cobb
To qualify as a heavy timber construction, wood columns can be no less the ________ thick in any direction and girders can be no less then ______ thick.
8 inches.
6 inches
Cobb
A wood frame construction is the only one of the 5 types that has _____ walls Combustible exterior
Combustible exterior
Cobb Firefighters cannot use a ___ rating to estimate a burning building structural stability.
Fire-Resistive
Cobb
Wood bldgs often experience _____ and _____ collapse simultaneously. In ordinary construction bldgs, the burning _____ will collapse first.
Walls and Floor
Floor
Cobb
The two basic types of fire resistive construction are ______ and _______.
Reinforced concrete buildings
Structural steel buildings
Cobb
When moisture in the concrete floors is heated and there are steel supports under the floor, the concrete ________ upwards ____ to ___.
Spalls
6 to 12 inches
Cobb
The collapse danger to FFs w/ limited combustible bldgs is _________ , therefore , the ________ is the main structural hazard of Non-combustible construction.
Roof Cave in
Open web bar joist
Cobb
The structural hazard of an ordinary constructed bldg is _________.
Parapet walls
Cobb
The maon structural hazard of a heavy timber bldg is the _______.
Falling masonry walls
Cobb
Withdrawal to _______ is the strategy used at heavy timber bldg fires when the inital attack fails.
Protect Exposures
Cobb
The structural hazard of a wood frame bldg is _________.Combustible bearing walls
Combustible bearing walls
Cobb True/False
In a wood frame bldg, the front/rear walls are usually bearing and the side walls are non bearing.
False (Just the opposite)
The side walls are bearing, and front and rear are non bearing
Cobb
Wood frame bldgs use _____ structural members to support _____structural members.
Smaller,
Larger
Cobb
The most common type of masonry wall failure is the _______.
90-degree angle
Masonry walls often separate from the other enclosing walls at ______.
Corner where they intersect
Cobb
The ______ of a front masonry wall following a bowstring roof collapse is extremely dangerous.
Secondary Collapse
Cobb
When planning for bowstring timber truss roof collapse, FFs should also consider a ____ an ______ wall Collapse.
Front and Rear
Cobb
The _______ is the area adjacent to the unstable wall which is a distance of __________.
Collapse Zone
Equal to the height of the building
Cobb
If the OIC suspects an an explosion or another factor that extends the collapse zone. All FFs should stay away and heavy caliber streams postioned _______.
In a flanking position
Cobb
The worst type of collapse is ___.
90 degree angle
Cobb
The most dangerous area outside a burning structure is the ___________ of the building.
Sidewalk directly in front of the bldg.
Cobb
The Most dangerous parapet is the one constructed as the ______ wall of a ______ structure above several large display windows.
Front,
One story structure
Cobb
The presence of ______ determines how a parapet wall will collapse.
Steel Reinforcement
Cobb
Parapet walls deteriorate faster then masonry walls because the are ________________ on both sides.
Exposed to the elements
Cobb
Purlins are also called ______?
Hip roof rafters
Cobb
Parapet walls often collapse during the ___________ stage of the fire.
Overhaul
Cobb
If a masonry wall falls due to an explosion or internal pressure, the wall will collapse outward for a distance of _________.
Equal to twice its hieght
Cobb
FireFighters use floors as _____ from which to launch interior ______ and hose line attacks.
Platforms
Searches
Cobb
A floor can be constructed of,________________,_____________,or ___________.
Wood
Masonry
Steel
Cobb
Wood joist floors can collapse in what 3 ways?
Wood deck only, (Burn though)
Localized failure (several joist)
A large section or entire floor collapse
Cobb
Bldg which have no ceilings are called _______ construction.
Open joist
Cobb
The main cause of floor failure is often due to _______.
Arson
Cobb
What 3 main reasons exist which explain why the collapse of a wooden floor joist support system seldom occurs in residences.
Not overloaded
Fewer structural alteration
Underside of floor is protected by a ceiling
Cobb
What two areas in a residence are most likely to experience a floor collapse?
Bathroom and Kitchen
Cobb
What makes Bathroom and Kitchen floors most susceptible to collapse?
List some reasons.
Weight of fixtures (tub, sink, refrigerator.. etc)