Collapse of a Burning Bldg

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When a bathroom floor collapes, itis most often a _____ collapse.

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The seriosness of a floor collapse depends upon the _______ to fail.

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Failure of a _______ supporting a ______ is the most devastating type of floor collapse. Because it may trigger the collapse of the entire building.

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The 3 most common types of sloping roofs are the _____, ______, and ______.

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_______ tie opposing sloping roof rafters together to help resist the otward thrust of the rafters at the eaves.

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What type of roofs structural members consist of two bearing walls and a ridge pole?

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What type of roofs structural members consist of only two bearing walls?

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What roofs structural members consist of two bearing walls, one ridgepole and four hip rafters?

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Name the tree most common types of wood construction used for sloping roofs.

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One slate or tile shingles can be ______ thick and weigh up to ____.

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A roof or floor which has the structural members spaced several feet apart. Creats a _____ effect.

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The stability of the roof deck depends on the number of _____ running purpendicular to the trusses.

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Roof covering can be devided into two categories which are ____ and _____ coverings.

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Timber is wooden construct6ion larger than __ but not large enough to be classified as ___.

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The most common connector for a timber truss roof is the ______ connector.

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The most common timber truss roof is the ______ timber truss.

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How many Bearing walls does a bowstring truss roof have?

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Openings in a wall weaken its _______ capacity and permit _____.

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During a fire, ______ of a truss is the key to a safe operation.

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A large space, created by the concave underside of a bowstring roof which collect the heat and smoke is called a _________.

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When the I.C. recieves conflicting reports from interior and roof crews in a bowstring truss building, Which report is the more important?

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In a timber truss bldg., the main fire will be in the ______.

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In what way do web members w/ fire retarding materials react differently in refernce to collapse then those w/o fire retarding materials?

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Roof ventilation is a _______ tactics in an occupied bldg.

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When evacuating a truss roof, firefightes should retreat in a direction ______ to the roof trusses.

What 2 things does a firefighter need to determine a roofs stability?

Flat roofs are supported in what 3 ways?

Lightweight roof joist (parallel cord wood) may be expected to fail after about _____ inn a fully developed fire.

A stell bar joist system may collapse after _____ of exposure to fire.

What type of ventilation should be used w/ fire buildings which have steel joist or parallel chourd roof system?

When a roof has a interventing space in which the roof deck is resting on a smaller wood framework which is built above the main roof supports, it is called a ____ or _____ roof.

FF's operating on a roof should continuosly beaware of an ______ and should never allow fire to ______ and their roof position.

A change in roof joist _____ and failure characteristics of ______ steel must be viewed by FFs as an extremely hazardous change in roof construction.

Lightwieght steel bar joist encased in a fire-protective material has a fire-resistive rating of up to______ .

Depending on the size of the steel and the roof load, open web steel bar joist can be spaced up to ______ apart.

What 4 factoprs dtermine the speed w/ which unprotected steel will fail during a fire?

The failure temp. of steel is ______, at which point it losses approx. _____ of its load carrying capacity.

When heated to 1100* F the lenght of a steel member increases approx.???

Refering to stress factor, the _________ the supported load, the ______ a structural steel member can fail.

Name the 2 common types of roof decks used above the corragated steel deck of a bar joist roof.

The ______ shows the temp. rise of a standard test fire used to measure the fire performance of construction assemblies.

Two types of wood truss systems are?

In a heavy timber roof construction, the dimension must be at least ____ wide and ____ deep.

In ANY structural element, the critical area subject to failure during a fire is the ____.

A flat floor or floor suported by lightweight truss will allow fire spread faster throughout the concealed space then one supported by a ________.

What 2 broad categories can ceilings be devided into?

What are 3 common types of suspended ceilings?

The additional suspended ceiling and the holes that accompany them create a _______ effect which provides for vertical spread of fire.

Lieghtweight metal grid systems weigh approx. ____ psf, while the other two can weigh up to ________psf.

The most important first step for the rescue of a FF trapped beneath a ceiling is to sweep the collapse area above the ceiling with a _____

A ______ may be used to temporarily shore up a weakened ceiling.

When effecting a rescue for a FF trapped in a rear of a store. the entry should be made from________.

The ___ is the safest area in a wooden interior and logically the best avenue for inital fire attack.

Name 3 types of stairs?

A ________ stair is most often constructed of wood and found in____ where as the _____________stair is most often constructed w/ a steel frame and is preferred in modern buildings.

An L-shaped stair breaks up the stair climb at the middle of the rise w/ an intermediate landing.
True/False
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Weather or not a stair will collapse w/ a floor depends on the _______.

The most serious injuries resulting from a U-return stair collapse occur at the ______.

The most frequent cuase of collapse of a U-return stair w/ stone treads, a FF should place the middle of his foot on the _____ directly over the______.

On a ______ stair, there are no soffits.

The most fequent cause of collapse of a U-return stair is the failure of the stone____ or ____.

Name the 3 classifications of fire escapes?

The cause of most injuries due to fire escape collapse is?

The sfest type of fire escape is?

The hazard of the _______ is collapse from overlading or failure of the supports.

The most common type of fire escape on a residential building ia?

The most frequent cause of injury to FF's using standard fire escape is?

Where should a FF position himself when a lowering a drop ladder?

Firefighters should remember that a broken or missing step_______________.

A _____ Collapse may not exhibit any structural warnings before its collapse.

Structures w/ _____ walls rarely have more than one wall collapse at a time except in case of ______.

Of the 3 types of wood frame buildings, ____ buildings present the greatest firefghter danger.

Name the 2 less common types of wood frame construction.

WHat are the 2 indicators of a building of brace-frame construction?

What 3 factors contribute to the inward/outward collapse of a braced-framed building?

In peaked roof bldgs, bearing bearing walls support the majority of the ________ that are parrallel to the _______.

In flat-roofed wood bldgs the bearing walls are ussually the walls with the _______.

The exterior wall of a wood frame bldg can be weakened by the weight of_______.

During a fire, the wall supporting a metal fire escape must be considered a ____.

Name the two types of masonry surfaces applied to outside walls of old wood bldgs.

Name 2 types of framework for high=rise structures.

Reinforced concrete bldgs are built w/ either ______ and ______ methods.

What type of concrete structures under construction experiance the greatest number of major fires?

It takes appox. ___ for concrete to reach its maximum strength?

After ____ hours a concrete floor, depending upon the_____,and _____, can have sufficient enough strength to remove the framework.

Within ___ hours of pouring , the entire concrete floor can collapse on FFs if the wood frame work has been destroyed by fire.

The ___ content of concrete is greatest during the first 27 days after pouring.

Name two types of spalling??

The 4 x 4 timber used for framework which are known to FFs as columns, girders, and beams are know to construction wrokers as_____,_____, and_______.

If removing timbers from framework, FFs should consult w/ the construction __________ to determine the structural stability of the framework.

The _________ presents a serious collapse danger during a fire because it extends beyong the outer edge of the structur and is constructed w/ ___ x __ timbers

Name some differences between equipment hoist and a personnel hoist.

Chief's dealing w/ windblown embers must direc FFs to___________.

In many states, the laws require a vertical standpipe system foe any bldg over ____ stories.

During construction, the standpipe riser is to keep pace w/ the hieght of the bldg usually ____ to ____ stories below the most recently constructed level.

When high-rise bldgs under construction exceed __ or__, an _____ valve must sbdivide the vertical riser into sections.

When water cannot be pumped to an upper floor and all valves are confirmed closed, the pipe riser should be examined for the presence of a ___ and Check _____.

Fire Companies should _______ inspect all construction sites to be familiar with hazards.

__________ is ground based or an aerial device w/ a fog/straight stream delivering more then _____.

What 3 changes have increased the effectiveness of the master stream?

Name 3 of the happiest people in n the BCOFD?

Wkat is the most serious collapse danger which a master stream can cause?

When smokes reduces visibility, FFs must rely on the ___________ striking objects to determine its effectiveness.

When a fire is in the cockloft, streams are most effective when positioned _________.

What 3 elements are required for a safe transition from interior to an exterior attack on a building structure?

________ and is one of the most important objectives of a collapse rescue operation.

The best way to gain control of a collapse rescue effort is for the OIC to issue __________.

Prioritize the following stepsof a standard collapse rescue plan: General debis removal, Search/remove surface vitims, search voids, survey the collapse site, shut off utilities, select debris removal

One of the most important assignments to be given by the OIC is to _________.

After every structural collapse where portions of the bldg remain broken but upright. there is danger of ______________.

The important point when ________ is not to move or attemp to restore the unstable structure to its________.

After a large -scale strutural failure, the members at the scene will need ________.

When a collapse occurs during a fire he first duty of the OIC is to determine?

Even if all FFs are accounted for. The _________ should still be carried out.

Only after notification from a ______ or ______, can the chief direct a precautionary action, warn others at the scene or change his strategy.

A precautionary actionmay range from a _____ acknowledgment to an ________ of all FFs.

________ can be detirmined by examining the floor joist where the end rests on the corbel shelf or girder.

There should be at least ____ or more of floor joistends being supported by the shelf or girder.

When roping off an area, the rope /tape should be from____ to ________ height above the ground.

Miscalculation of the potential ______ wall collapse could be just as deadly as miscalculation of the __ area of a wall collapse.

All masonry walls separating blds into sections are not ______?

A ______ seperating two sections of a bldg is designed toallow collapse of the roof of one section w/o affecting tyhe ____ of ______ of said wall.

_________ is the one situation that most often causes a commander to withdraw FFs from a burning bldg.

The difference between withdrawing FF and an emergency evac, is the _____ of collapse versus a collapse that ______ or _____.

The 3 commandments of fire ground stategy are?

A firefighters death or seroius injury cannot be justified by _______.

Size up duties of the first in OIC are to locate ______ and determine _____________.

A _________ is a strategy, tactic and safety investigation from the point of view iof the fireground commander.

Two important factors of the fire analysis fact sheet are the point of the fire ________ and the __________.

Fire spread beyond the point of origin is primarily determined by the structures ______ and _______.

Match the following:
1. Structural fire loading_____ a. ordinary
2. Combustible exterior walls _____b. Limited combustible
3. Central A/C duct system _______c. Heavy timber
4. Concealed voids _______d. Fire resistive
5. Combutible roof deck ______e. wood frame

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Match the following:
1.Early roof collapse ______ a. Ordinary
2. Bearing wall/ instant floor collapse______ b. Fire resistive
3. Lacalized ceiling collapse by spalling______c. Heavy Timber
4. Parapet wall collapse _____ d. Limited combustible
5. Floor collapse followed be masonry walls _____e. Wood-frame

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In many instances there are ___ causes of a burning bldg collapse.

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_______ is the planning/directing of the actions of a large # of FFs and Apparatus

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______ are the operation of a fire company performed at a fire.

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Name 3 parts to the post-fire-ground analysis?

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The most important part of the post-fire-analysis is the ____.

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The _________ used to fasten structural members together is a factor in many collapses.

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The most important stategy and tactical consideration at a fire is ________ and _______.

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A burning building collapse is the ____ leading cause of fire ground deaths.

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What 3 factors will increase the number of burning building collapses?

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A building like a person has a life span of around ______ years.

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One reason for the lack of _____ is that any research into the subject offers little benefit to anyone except _________.

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________ is any portion of a structure that fails as a result of a fire.

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The most important reason for the absence of collapse info for FF's is the lack of FD _______ and ________ of collapse.

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When a burning building collapse kills or seriously injures a FF a ___________ and analysis should be conducted

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______ is a curved masonry structure used as a support over an open space.

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Name the 3 basic methods for constructing wood frame residential buildings?

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A ______ is a horizontal structural member subject to compression, tension, and shearing?

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Name 3 types of beams?

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_______ frame buildings exterior walls have studs extending continuously from the structures ________ sill to the top plate near the ______.

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_______ Frame construction also known as Post and Girt?

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In Post and Girt or Braced framed construction, the Post is the ________ structural member, and the girt is the ___________ structural member.

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Post and Girt are connected by _______ and ________ joints?

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Brace framed building walls often fail in a ___________ collapse.

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____________ is a wall reinforced or brace built on the outside of a structure.

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When seperated from the wall and connected by an arch at the top, it is known as A ___________.

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A buttress constructed on the inside of a wall as called a _________.

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Name 3 types of masonry wall collapse?

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____________ is a type of collapse of an exterior wall that breaks apart horizontally.

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__________ is a wood-frame building collapse indicated by th burning structure slowly starting to tilt or lean to one side.

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A floor collapse in which one end of the floor beams remain partially supported by the bearing wall and the other end collapses on the floor below is known as a _________ Collapse.

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A lean to collapse can be classified as _____ or _____.

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A __ adds stability to a masonry wall.

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When floor beams pull loose or collapse at both ends, it is called a __________.

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The collapse of portions of taller burning structures on to smaller structures causing the smaller to collapse is a ________.

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_________ is when a floor collapses and a interior partition or wall holds up the center of the fallen floor.

________ is the collapse of a floor at the center and both ends remain partially supported.

________ is a vertical structural member subject to compressive forces.

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______ and ______ are considered the main vertical framework of a building?

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_______ and ___ are the main horizontal framework of a building...

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___________is the top masonry tile or stone of a parapet wall, designed to carry off rainwater. It is also known as a ______.

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____ is a bracket or extension of masonry that projects from a masonry wall. it can be decorative or used as a support.

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A Corbel used on the inside of a masonry wall to support a beam is called a ______.

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__________ is a horizontal surface covering supported by a floor or a roof beam.

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_________ is a bend, twist or curve of a structural element under a load.

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The front or face of a building is called _______.

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The portion of a facade wall which extends above the roof level is called a ________.

The ________ wall with a ______ is one of the most unstable walls a FF will encounter.

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A ________ beam is a gravity support beam end designed to release itself from the masonry wall during a collapse.

Name the advantage and disadvantage for FF and the fire cut beam??

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_________ is the maximum amount of heat release when all combustible material in a given fire area is burned.

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______ is the cause of motion change in a motion, or stoppage of motion.

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A force acting on a structure can be ____ or ________.

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Any type of external force is a _______.

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An internal force is a _______.

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A structural element that supports floors or roof beams?

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A metal fastener in the form a of a plate, used to connect structural members?

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A type of gusset plate, used on light weight wood trusses, which is a ___ thick piece of sheet metal and v-shaped holes ____ long that are punched out and act as the nails.

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A _______ beam, sometime doubled for strength is used to reinforce the opening of a floor and is placed perpendicular to the trimmer beam.

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Structural collapse during a fire is directly proportional to the _______.

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A ______ is a piece of lumber used as a floor beam. It is also called a ____ or ________.

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______ is most of used when stating the strength of steel (K.S.I.) and equals _______??

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A _______ is a load bearing structural element that supports and redistributes the load above a opening?

Name 4 types of loads which can act upon a structure and cause its collapse

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A load can be imposed upon a structural element in what 3 methods.

A ____ load is applied at one point or within a limited area of the structure.

What are 5 major loads that must be considered in the design of a building?

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________ loads pass through the center of the structure. Explain how this can shift.

_______ loads are applied to a structure suddenly, such as a shock wave vibration load

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A ________ load transmitted off-center or evenly though the structural member.

Cobb____ is a load that remains constant and is applied slowly.

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______ Load creates a twisting stress on a structural member.

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______ is a transient or movable load such as the buildings contents and occupants.

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_______ load is applied to an upright structure from a direction parallel to the ground.

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______ Load is a static/ fixed load created by the structure itself and the permanent equipment within the structure.

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______ load is imposed on a structure by the wind?

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Name the types of loads a FF and Master sream impose upon a structure.

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Name 3 types of stress imposed on a structure?

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The most dangerous load is a _____ load.

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The opposite of a concentrated load is a ________ load.

Cobb________ is the structural connection in which a hole is cut into the timber to receive the _______.

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________ is a light wieght steel truss used as a floor or roof beam.

If a open web steel bar joist is unprotected, it can fail after___ to ___ minutes of fire exposure.

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A pilaster, also called a __________________, can carry the load of a girder/ timber or provide_______ support to a wall.

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Mortis and Tenon reduces its capacity.

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________ frame construction has one level built and raised, the floor beams and deck are built on top of said level's walls, then the next level is built.

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_______ is a structure that supports another structural member in the same building.

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Name the two types of end beams?

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A _____- is a horizontal timber that frames the highest point of a peak roof.

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_______ is the quotient of the load that will cause a structure to collapse divided by the load a structure is designed to support.

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Most structural elements are designed with a safety factor of_____.

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From a construction/fire protection standpoint, _____ frame construction is superior to the other types.

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____ is the force exerted upon a structure member that strains or deforms its shape.

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_______ causes a structure to collapse when contacting parts or layers of the structure slide past one another.

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______ are built several inches/feet below thew supporting roof, or floor beams above.

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_____ presses or squeezes a structure together.

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The concealed space above the suspended ceiling is sometimes called a ________.

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_____ stress is placed on a structural member by the pull of forces causing extension.

Excessive _______ on a structure can cause it to collapse more quickly during a fire

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A projecting, reduced portion of a timber designed to be inserted into another timber is known as a ______.

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A_________ floor can insulate any flames, heat , and smoke below.

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A ______ beam is constructed around the perimeter of a flor opening which supports the header.

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____ rests on a support ________and ______ and is held in place only by gravity.

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A ______ is a brace arrangement of steel or wood frame work made w/ triangular connecting members.

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Name the 3 types of roof trusses?

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Name 3 types of walls.

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________ is the continuation of a party , fire, or exterior wall extending above the roof line.

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______ is a free standing masonry wall surrounding an area.

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_____ is a bearing wall that supports floors and roofs of two buildings.

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____ is the portion of an interior wall between the top of one window opening and the bottom of another.

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________ is exposed to the elements on both sides top an bottom.

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______ is a non-bearing self-suppoting wall designed to prevent the passage of fire from one side to the other.

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______ is an exterior/interior wall that supports a load in addition to its own weight.

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___________ is a finished/Facing brick or stone wall on the outside of a building which is fastened to the wall w/ cement or metal ties.

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Although it can act as a barrier, a _____________ wall is not designed to be a fire wall.

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A ___ wall is the most unstable wall the most likely to collapse during a fire.

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Name thew two types of hazardous collapse zones?

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____________________ is the expected ground area that a falling wall will cover. Generally it is the ______ equal to the _________.

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Name 5 basic types of building construction?

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The major Fire problem in a Fire-resistive building is the _______.

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The fire problem associated w/ limited combustible buildings is the ____________- that can ignite during a fire.

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To counteract this the NFAA recommends the total weight of asphalt not exceed ____ to ____ lbs per _____ sq ft of roof area.

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The NFAA also recommends the felt and insulation be _____ and the asphalt application cover only the ______.

The major fire problem with ordinary construction bldgs is the fire/smoke spread though out _____.

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The Largest and most serious conceled space is the _________.

Cobb The major fire problem of heavy timber construction is the _________ it produces.

Cobb A fire in a bldg of heavy timber is sometimes called __________________ burning.Slow

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To qualify as a heavy timber construction, wood columns can be no less the ________ thick in any direction and girders can be no less then ______ thick.

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A wood frame construction is the only one of the 5 types that has _____ walls Combustible exterior

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Wood bldgs often experience _____ and _____ collapse simultaneously. In ordinary construction bldgs, the burning _____ will collapse first.

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The two basic types of fire resistive construction are ______ and _______.

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When moisture in the concrete floors is heated and there are steel supports under the floor, the concrete ________ upwards ____ to ___.

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The collapse danger to FFs w/ limited combustible bldgs is _________ , therefore , the ________ is the main structural hazard of Non-combustible construction.

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The structural hazard of an ordinary constructed bldg is _________.

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The maon structural hazard of a heavy timber bldg is the _______.

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Withdrawal to _______ is the strategy used at heavy timber bldg fires when the inital attack fails.

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The structural hazard of a wood frame bldg is _________.Combustible bearing walls

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In a wood frame bldg, the front/rear walls are usually bearing and the side walls are non bearing.
True False

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Wood frame bldgs use _____ structural members to support _____structural members.

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The most common type of masonry wall failure is the _______.

Masonry walls often separate from the other enclosing walls at ______.

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The ______ of a front masonry wall following a bowstring roof collapse is extremely dangerous.

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When planning for bowstring timber truss roof collapse, FFs should also consider a ____ an ______ wall Collapse.

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The _______ is the area adjacent to the unstable wall which is a distance of __________.

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If the OIC suspects an an explosion or another factor that extends the collapse zone. All FFs should stay away and heavy caliber streams postioned _______.

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The worst type of collapse is ___.

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The most dangerous area outside a burning structure is the ___________ of the building.

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The Most dangerous parapet is the one constructed as the ______ wall of a ______ structure above several large display windows.

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The presence of ______ determines how a parapet wall will collapse.

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Parapet walls deteriorate faster then masonry walls because the are ________________ on both sides.

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Purlins are also called ______?

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Parapet walls often collapse during the ___________ stage of the fire.

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If a masonry wall falls due to an explosion or internal pressure, the wall will collapse outward for a distance of _________.

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FireFighters use floors as _____ from which to launch interior ______ and hose line attacks.

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A floor can be constructed of,________________,_____________,or ___________.

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Wood joist floors can collapse in what 3 ways?

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Bldg which have no ceilings are called _______ construction.

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The main cause of floor failure is often due to _______.

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What 3 main reasons exist which explain why the collapse of a wooden floor joist support system seldom occurs in residences.

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What two areas in a residence are most likely to experience a floor collapse?

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What makes Bathroom and Kitchen floors most susceptible to collapse?
List some reasons.