Ch.5 and ch.6

Nerve cells have a resting potential: at rest
they will always have a charge of

When we stimulate the dendrites we allow
molecules to come in, so the more stimulation that occurs the more the resting
potential is adjusted creating an action potential, it can stay at it’s resting
potential up until negative

At -55mV it allows other molecules to flood in
and out creating the action potential increasing the molecular charge to

Resting potential is

action potential is

§ 
when the action potential causes the charge to
over shoot to -90 before returning to the resting potential; this is the period
after the action potential; repairing it’s self from the action potential and
allows a break before another AP is begun again

- intentionally stimulate the nerve so much that
it can’t perform an action potential, therefore it’s like turning off the
nerve; used for diseases like Parkinson’s

hyperpolarization is at

Oligodendroglia is

Schwann is

§ 
is a neurotransmitter (NT) and it is used
between two neural cells, they are the molecular compounds in the synapse;
their job is to depolarize the dendrite so that the action potential can begin

use only a pure electrical charge because NT are
too slow for it.

·     
Multiple dendrites that are attached to 1 axon
or cell body

Really good for sensory, it covers a lot of
surface area, it’s good in interneuronal communication

·     
Where the cell body is in the center and it is
good for bi-directional communication, it’s a very quick way of getting information
to two points, it’s speedy because it has a shorter axon which is good for
vision and hearing

·     
Has a cell body in the center and then T’s off,
so the reception would occur at the bottom then get sent up!; good for the
spinal cord

long, and it’s good for sensory tracts and motor
tracts

short, good for interneuronal communication

·     
type of glia cell that are in the CNS, can do
both gray (processing) and white (transportation) matter in the brain


Good for lining, if there’s damage, this is sent
in to repair and create “scar tissue” around dead nerve cells, also within the
blood brain barrier: where blood is filtered

in the CNS, it’s the primary cell found in the
myelin sheathing of the CNS

·     
in the CNS, it eats up the bad stuff, it travels
to places that need repair

in the myelin sheaths of the PNS

·     
You have many existing neuronal connects and the
ones that are used , get strengthened and the others that aren’t used get
pruned!

·     
As a baby you have a lot of neural connections
and as they develop they stabilize a neural pathway, by pruning the connections
that aren’t used.

used in the forebrain, and regulates forebrain
activity, used as an inhibitor in the basal ganglia, also used in the pns or
muscular contraction, It’ll dump on the muscular tissue; it’s important for the
sleep and wake process

ppl with this can’t reuptake their ACH, and
can’t absorb it well either, so they get tired and fatigued easily. So the
process of using the ACH to activate muscle tissue is jacked up and need time
to slowly absorb the ACH where it needs to be; this reduction in the ACH can
affect the sleep cycle; this is an autoimmune disorder

does a lot of regulation for limbic areas and
some prefrontal things like motor planning, also regulates basal ganglia motor
functioning, also involved in reward for pleasure pathways

·     
good for sleep and attention and mood, found a
lot in your autonomic nervous system, also used to try and treat depression

·     
deals with arousal and emotions and the
perception of pain, used for clinical depression; present in the brainstem and
the limbic system

·     
the fast NT used for bi-directional CNS
activation, very quick in the CNS, used in association fibers, used in the
brain because of it’s speed

·     
an inhibitor in the basal ganglia and used for
pain regulation and excitability; can inhibit stuff , imp inhibitor in the CNS,
includes the striatum and the basal ganglia; it’s associated with Huntington’s
chorea

Drugs are either trying to _ to reduce activity

Drugs that block from being reabsorbed is

·     
tumor is bad, they are more aggressive in there
growth and attack of others

has a slow growth process, has low chance of
spreading throughout the body

·     
Treatments for cancer and tumors

an autoimmune demyelination, it creates antagonist
that eat it’s own myelin, once it eats to a certain point it stops, they can
lose function very quickly and get it back slowly, antibodies in the ACH
receptors  causing the ACH longer to be
absorbed in a different channel, has a slower onset

an autoimmune of the PNS, it’s reversible, may
come from eating infected food, end result is bulbar palsy (respiratory muscles
affect) making it hard to breathe.

TYPES OF GLIA CELLS (4)

·     
CELL IN the ventricles of the CNS, and they line the
ventricles

4 COMPONENTS OF THE DIENCEPHALON

it channels projection from sensations to specific cortical
information: pain, taste, and vision

integrates the sensory with the motor before it gets sent back
to the primary and secondary motoric cortices

it regulates the association cortices like the pre-motor cortices , it
regulars initiation and inhibition of cognitive functions ( ex: the
bradykinesia of someone with Parkinson’s; use a reflective pathway to trick the
body into starting, adds a sensory input in the thalamus)

WHAT ARE THE 3 FUNCTIONS OF THE THALAMUS

·     
when the uncontrolled bad tissue growth expands
and enters the blood stream, usually the blood brain barrier will prevent the
tissue for leaving the brain