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Primary Assessment
Assessment following scene size up to discover and treat immediately life-threatening conditions
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Penetrating Trauma
A force that pierces the skin and body tissues.
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Blunt Truama
A force that impacts or is applied to the body but is not sharp enough to penetrate it, such as a blow or crushing injury.
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Chief Complaint
The patient's answer to "Why did you call the ambulance?"
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In-line Stablization
- Bringing the patient's head into neutral position in which the nose is lined up with the navel and holding it there manually.
- Hold C-spine.
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AVPU
A mnemonic for alert, responds to verbal stimuli, responds to painful stimuli, unresponsive, to characterize levels of responsiveness.
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Flexion Posturing
Back arched, arms flexed inward toward the chest. Also called decorticate posturing.
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Extension Posturing
Back arched, arms extended straight out parallel to the body. Also called decerebrate posturing.
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Occluded
Closed or blocked; not patent, as an occluded airway.
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Apnea
Absence of breathing; respiratory arrest.
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Dyspnea
Shortness of breath or perceived difficulty in breathing.
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Secondary Assessment
The portion of patient assessment conducted after the primary assessment, for the purpose of identifying additional serious or potentially life-threatening injuries or conditions and as a basis for further emergency care.
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Cerebralspinal Fluid(CSF)
A clear fluid that surrounds and cushions the brain and the spinal cord.
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Paradoxical Movement
- A section of the chest that moves in the opposite direction to the rest of the chest during the phases of respiration.
- Typically seen with a flail segment.
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Rapid Secondary Assessment
A head to toe physical examination that is swiftly conducted on a trauma patient who has an AMS or a significant MOI or on a medical patient who has an AMS.
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Modified Secondary Assessment
A physical exam that is focused on a specific injury site on responsive trauma patient with no significant MOI or critical injuries or on a medical patient who is alert, oriented, and stable
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Brain Herniation
A protrusion, or pushing, of a portion of the brain through the cranial wall.
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Aspiration
Breathing a foreign substance into the lungs
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Jugular Vein Distension(JVD)
Normal veins will be slightly engorged in a patient who is lying supine.
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Orthopnea
Shortness of breath while lying flat.
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DCAPBTLS
- Deformities
- Contusions
- Abrasions
- Punctures/penetrations
- Burns
- Tenderness
- Lacerations
- Swelling
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