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General areas of the brain
7 parts: cerebrum, thalamus, hypothalamus, midbrain, pons, cerebellum, medulla oblongata
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brain stem parts
midbrain + pons + medulla oblongata
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Telencephalon
cerebrum, developmental area of the brain
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diencephalon
thalamus + hypothalamus, developmental area of the brain
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mesencephalon
midbrain, developmental area of the brain
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metencephalon
pons + cerebellum, developmental area of the brain
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myelencephalon
medulla oblongata, developmental area of the brain
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Gray matter
cell bodies and interneurons; outer & inner gray matter; part of cerebrum
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Cererbral cortex
organ of perception and consciousness, part of outer gray matter
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White Matter
Myelinated axons
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longitudinal fissure
a deep sulcus separating hemispheres
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transverse cerebral fissure
separates cerebrum from cerebellum
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Lobes of cerebrum
5 lobes, Frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, insula (internal at lateral sulcus)
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Primary motor cortex
precentral gyrus, contains pyramidal cells
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Primary visual cortex
occipital lobe
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primary auditory cortex
temporal lobe
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Frontal eye field
cortex functional area
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prefrontal cortex
learning, problem solving, behaviors
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insula
internal at lateral sulcus
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Broca's area
motor for speech
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Wernicke's Area
understanding speech
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Corpus callosum
connects R&L hemispheres; white matter
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internal capsule
between thalamus & basal ganglia; white matter
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Corona radiata
from thalamus up to cortex; white matter
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Internal cerebral gray matter
Basal ganglia, hippocampus, amygdala
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Basal ganglia
a.k.a basal nuclei; 3 parts: globus pallidus, putamen, caudate nucleus.
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Lentiform nuclei
globus pallidus + putamen; starts and stops movements, requires Dopamine
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Hippocampus
short term memory, facts, events, Alzheimer's disease, part of the medial temporal lobe
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amygdala
recognizes danger, fear, aggressive behaviors
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Thalamus
sensory relay (sensory info to cortex), sensory filter(weak, unimportant stimuli)
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Lateral geniculate nucleus
vision, part of the thalamus
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medial geniculate nucleus
auditory, part of the thalamus
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Hypothalamus
visceral control center, regulates organ functions; 6 functions (temperature control, hunger, water levels, autonomic ns., endocrine, emotions)
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Pineal gland
parts of epithalamus, secretes melatonin (sleep cycles), controlled by hypothalamus
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Brain stem
3 parts: midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata; visceral reflexes, passageway between cortex and spinal cord, contains cranial nerves
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Choroid Plexus
5 parts: lateral ventricles, third ventricle, fourth ventricle, cerebral aqueduct (between 3rd & 4th); contains ependymal cells, makes CSF
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CSF
Cerebral Spinal Fluid, made in choroid plexus, by ependymal cells
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Superior COlliculi
Visual reflexes, part of CORPORA QUADRIGEMINA in the midbrain
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Inferior Colliculi
auditory reflexes, part of CORPORA QUADRIGEMINA in the midbrain
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cerebral peduncles
pyramidal motor tracts in the midbrain
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substantia nigra
produces dopamine
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pons
bridge to cerebellum, contains respiratory centers
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medulla oblongata
7 parts: cardiac center, vasomotor center (blood pressure), respiratory center, vestibular nuclei, cochlear nuclei, solitary nucleus (taste), pyramids
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reticular formation
maintains input from all senses, motor to most muscles
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Cerebellum
coordination to voluntary movements, 40% of brain neurons
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Vermis
connects hemispheres in cerebellum
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arbor vitae
inner white matter of cerebellum
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purkinje cells
large branched cells in the cerebellum
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superior cerebellar peduncle
connects midbrain to cerebrum
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middle cerebellar peduncle
pons to cerebrum
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inferior cerebellar peduncle
medulla to the body
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limbic system parts
6 parts: amygdala, cingulate gyrus, hippocampus, pre-frontal cortex, hypothalamus, fornix
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amygdala
danger, fear, aggression; part of the limbic system
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cingulate gyrus
recognize gestures, face expressions, part of the limbic system
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hippocampus
short term memory; part of the limbic system
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pre-frontal cortex
behavior, memory, problem solving; part of the limbic system
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hypothalamus
visceral responses; part of the limbic system
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fornix
connects 2 sides of the limbic system
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Meninges
cover and protect CNS
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Pia matter
inner surface of brain, meninges
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Arachnoid
between pia matter and dura matter
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Subarachnoid space
contains CSF
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Arachnoid villi
projects into dural sinuses
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Dura matter
outer meninges
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Periosteal layer of dura matter
lines skull
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meningeal layer of dura matter
next to arachnoid
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dural sinuses
drain excess CSF
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septum pellucidum
median membrane
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central canal
continues in spinal cord
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apertures
connect ventricles to subarachnoid space
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