-
�The baby boom�
- (years vary depending on the source) 1946-1964 period marked by a greatly increased birth rate-post WWII
- estimated 78.3 Americans born
- began right after the war & started to decline around 1957
-
The G.I. Bill (Servicemen�s Readjustment Act)
- June 22, 1944 Signed into law by Pres FDR
- an omnibus bill providing college or vocational education for returning WWII vets (GI's) & one year of unemployment compensation
- provided many different types of loans for GI's so they could buy homes & start businesses
- o.g. bill ended in July 1956
-
Interstate Highway Act (1956)
- June 29, 1956 signed into law by Pres. Eisenhower
- appropriating $25 bill for the construction of 41,000 miles of Interstate Highways over a 20-year period
- then it was the largest public works project in American hist
- money was handled in a highway trust fund that paid 90% of construction costs while states were required to pay 10%
-
Federal Housing Administration (FHA)
- US gov agency created as part of the National Housing Act of 1934
- goals: improve housing standards & conditions; provide an adequate home financing system through insurance of mortgage loans; & to stabilize the mortgage market
- regualte the rate of interest & the terms of mortgages that it insured
- increased the number of ppl who could afford a down payment & monthly debt service payments on a mortgage, thereby also increasing the size of the market for single-fam homes
-
Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)
- 1942 founded by ???
- US civil rights org that originally played a pivotal role for African-Americans in the Civil Rights Mov't
-
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas (1954)
- -US Supreme Court declared state laws establishing seperate public schools for black and white students and denying black children equal educational opportunities unconstitutional
- -Overturned Plessy v. Ferguson of 1896 'seperate but equal'
- -Warren Court's 9-0 (chief justice earl warren)
- -de jure racial segregation was ruled a Violation of the Equal protection clause of the 14th amendment
- -Victory paved the way for integration & the civil rights movement
-
Montgomery Bus Boycott (1955)
- political & social protest campaign in Montgomery, Alabama
- purpose: to oppose the city's policy of racial segregation on its public transit system
- result: crippling financial deficit for the Montgomery public transit sys b/c the city's black population who were the drivers of the boycott were also the bulk of the system's ridership
- history: 12/1/1955 Rosa Parks - 12/20/1956 when a federal ruling took effect -> US Supreme Court decision that declared the Alabama & Montgomery laws requiring segregated buses to be UNConstitutional
- -Martin jr, ralph abernathy & many others involved
- -US civil rights movement gain victory & gave Martin the national attention that made him on of the prime leaders of the cause
-
�Southern Manifesto� (1956)
- Document written in Feb-March 1956 by legislators in the US congress opposed to racial integration in public places
- Signed by 101 politicians 99 democrats and 2 republicans; 19 senators & 82 house reps
- Drawn up as a response to the 1954 Brown v. Board of edu
-
Little Rock (1957)
- 'Little Rock crisis' 9 African-American students enrolled in Little Rock Central High after Brown V. Board Edu passed
- -initially were prevented from entering the racially segregated school by Arkansa governor Orval Faubus
- who deployed the Arkansas National guard to support the segregationists on Sept. 4, 1957
- Gov. Faubus was summoned by Pres Eisenhower to not interfere with the ruling
- Woodrow Mann 'Mayor of little rock' asked Pres E to send federal troops to enforce integration & protect the 9 students
- On sept 24 Pres ordered the 101st Airborne Division of the US army to Little Rock & federalized the entire 10,000 member Arkansa National Guard=taking it out of the hands of Gov. Faubus
- -until an intervention from Pres. Eisenhower then they were allowed to enter
- on Sept. 25, 1957 the students successfully entered the school
- -Ernest Green was the first African-Amer to graduate from Central high
|
|
