Music H + A.txt

Unit used to measure the level of sound waves

The tone quality of an instrument or voice

Musical plan or pattern

Having a different melody or rhythm

Composition with two sections, A and B

Composition with three sections, ABA

A B A C A B A

• Three part composition
• A- exposition
• B- development
• A- recapitulation
• Sometimes coda
• musical essay!!

One sound, with accompaniment

One sound, no accompaniment

Two or more melodies of equql importance at same time

• First develooed in the 1960's
• Relies on amplified electronic instr.

• Origins in religious music
• European influenced

• The national popular music of any country
• Go back 100's of years
• Oral
• Passed from gen to gen

• Improv
• Based on time or popular song

• Pop
• Rock
• Classical
• Traditional
• Jazz

Very slow

Walking

Moderately fast

Very fast

1,2,3,4

1,2,3

1,2

Temperary shifting of the rhythm accent from an accented beat to a normally unaccented beat

The conflict of two or more rhythms within the same meter ex. African drum circle

Refers to the highness/lowness of a sound

Sequence of musical sounds

Shape of the melody

Repitition of a melody

More complex round

The melody is repeated but something has been changed

Play the melody backwards

Play melody upside down

Smaller melody

Make melody longer

Key or tonal center

When a key or tone center changes in the music

Distance between two pitches

the music of a common people of a society or geographical area

music that is characteristic of a particular culture or group of people

songs that accompany labor such as sea chanteys, sing to pass the time

songs about work

square dancing, i.e. skip to my lou

The music accompanies dance rituals and ceremonies

Drums, rattles, flutes

Consist of two or more sections that are repeated, simple melodies

Sound produced by air being the main vibration source

Vibrating strings stretched between two points

A wide variety of percussion instruments

Drum type that uses a tightened stretched skin

Makes a sound when you hit shake or scrape, two types, pitched and unpitched

sound is produced when a string vibrates by plucking or bowing it

Column of air inside an instrument vibrates

electricity amplifies sound waves

two types: vibrating string (piano) , vibrating column of air (organ)

picolo-flute, clarinet, bassoon, oboe, saxaphone

violin, viola, cello, double bass, harp

French horn, trumpet, trombone, tuba

Timpani, bass drum, symbol, tambourine, triangle, snare drum, wood block, xylophone, castanets, gong, whip

smallest of sting family, plays highest, play melody in orchestra

Similar in looks to violin, a bit bigger, plays a lower range

similar to violin and viola, much larger, is held between knees

Largest string instrument, lowest notes, AKA double bass, Contra Bass, Bass Viol, Standing Bass

47 strings, 7 foot pedals

smallest brass instr., high range, bell, valves, mouth piece

Largest brass insrt., mid-low range, plays lowest notes, bell points towards cell

mellower tone than trumpet, wide variety of pitches, blends with brass and woodwinds

telescoping slide change pitches, no valves, mouth piece, bell

Originally made of wood, modern made of metal, elaborate keying mechanisms that facilitate rapid playing, highest and smallest ww instr.

uses double reed, high nasal sound, looks like a clarinet

single reed, looks like oboe, wide range of pitches and timbres, three registers- high middle low

double reed, big brother of oboe, large wooden tubes, deep nasal sound

single reed, made of brass: not a brass instr., invented by Adolph Sax, not a member of the orchestra

sounds big, changes tones and pitch

echoes-ish

thunder!

fast, short

Sung not spoken

AKA plainsong, plain chant, chant, catholic liturgical chant: only male singers, monophonic, latin

consists of two different kinds, ordinary (repeated in every mass) and proper (specific to a special celebration in the church calender)

repeated in every mass

Specific to a special celebration in the church calender

professional poet musicians who wander the country side performing in castles, taverns, and squares

religious (monks)

Non-religious or "pop"

12th century knights from southern france, from the age of chivalry (fair maidens, honor, crusades)

12th + 13th century Noblemen (knights) from Northern France

14th + 16th century, german middle class master singers, formed rigid rules to follow in performing and writing music

flutes, recorders, shawns, violins, trumpets, sackbut, crumborn, tambourines, drums, lyre, lute

early form of harmony known as organum, young boys sing same thing in diff. octaves, staggered entrances

1450 - 1600

small instr. groups performed in courtyards, balconies, rooms

Supplied all forms of music- religious, chamber, dance, solo: Bach, Handel, Mozart, Palestrina

Song style written for a small group of singers who performed as court entertainment

used imitation, each voice entered one after another, known for his chansons and motets

French polyphonic song, 17th century

a sacred composition for voices

Literally means "for the chapel"

heavy and grand, instr. plus voices, majestic quality

chamber orchestra, chorus, soloist (virtuoso), organ, harpsichord

steady beat, complicated rhythm, bass continuous

major and minor, loud or soft, no medium (terrace Dynamics)

work for solo instrument(s) in three movements, (fast, slow, fast)

"large concerto": concerto with soloists

The main subject of a song that is repeated several times in 3-4 parts

form of musical theater, invented by poets, artists, and musicians in Italy

a religious opera with no actors, stage, or scenery

An elaborate solo for a vocalist

a speech like section of an opera or oratorio

Short oratorio

germany, taught Bach, composed lots of organ and choral music, listening: canon in D

German, had musical family, most training from his brother christopher, wrote both secular and sacred

German, wrote sacred and secular

Italian, learned violin from his father, was virtuoso, known as the "Red Headed Priest"

Expert musician

loud or soft, NO medium

Austria, child prodigy, successful, died a poor man in a paupers grave

Austria, most famous court composer to serve a rich ruler, helped create and improve the symphony and the string quartet, taught both Mozart and Beethoven

elegant sound, sophisticated

symphony on Piano

creative, scales, chords, rhythm simple and a steady beat, moderate use of loud and soft forms

music, dancing, drama, story

Sporanos- heroine, Alto- old woman, servant, rival, villainesses, Tenor- hero, fool, Bass- Villain, older man, king

Script or story (opera)

serious or tragedy

Comedy

Germany, first successful freelance musician, lost his hearing, had first modern piano built

louder because he was going deaf, longer, symphony #9 1 hour + vs 20 mins (normal), larger, more instruments

combination of Rhythm and Blues with Country music, has strong rhythmic drive, motivates dance

style of music that was played by Black people in the late 1940's, grew out of blues and gosperl, began mainly as dance music, driving rhythm, elements of jazz

First performed by African Americans in the 1900's in the souther states of US, "blues" means sad or melancholy state of mind, songs tell of hard times, vocal emphasis, 12 bar blues

Appeared at the end of the 19th century by African slaves who converted to Christianity, joyful and emotional style of singing, originated in souther states, clapping and dancing

developed from rural folk music (hillbilly music), usually accompanied by fiddles, guitars, banjos

Mixture of gospel and R&B

Type of rock music, heavy amplification, aggressive and hostile lyrics, emphasis on electric guitar

developed in Jamaica from R&B and Caribbean style musics, strong off-beat rhythm, calypso (steel band)

Anti-establishment rock (going against the system), simplistic music style, often played by untrained musicians, young people expressing how they feel, message political

Type of African American urban influenced art music that consists of written or improv. verbal rhymes and recited to rock or funk background, use of samples/excerps from songs, social or political topics

couple dance, singing soloist and a chorus

Brazilian style of pop music and dance in the 1960's

uses claves and maracas and incorporates jazz elements

a dance for couples

a dance for couples

spanish for "sauce" or "spicy"- two bar rhythm

ballroom dance style with elaborate dance movements

mexican folk musicians, guitar, trumpet, violin, string bass

Music and dancing are social activities, music is not used much in islam except for chanting prayers, male singers produce tense nasal sounds

instr. tombak, drum in the shape of an hour glass played with the fingers

Af. language has a very musical quality, drums try to imitate the human voice, music and dance together, call and response

starts out simple, other instruments are slowly added

don't tap their feet, instruments don't start at the same time, meter is unclear

entertainment, celebration, rituals, worship

Djembe, talking drum, shekere- african tambourine/shaker, mbira- thumb piano, Agogo Bell- kinda like cowbell, two parts to it

Melodic form 20-25 notes

Rhythmic cycle 5-128 beats for unit

Sitar, Veena, Tabla

Five strings w/ 13 more strings that resonate, bowl shaped body w/ a row of pegs

stringed instrument that produces a drone

two small drums played with hands and fingers

Three layers: 1st- singer or soloist (sitar), 2nd- drone, 3rd- percussion

Based on a five note pentatonic scale, mostly melody w/ very little harmony, string and reed instruments, no brass

Peking- singing, dancing, acrobatics, martial arts

Made up of different types of percussion instruments

Metal bard xiolaphone

Austria, studied composition with Salieri, died young of cypholus

German, often compared to Mozart

Poland, salon performer, went to rich persons home to put on private concerts, body buried in Paris, heart buried in Poland

Austro-Hungary, very passionate

France, symphony Fatastique was inspired by Harriet Smithson

Russia, swan lake and nutcracker use folk dances from other countries, 1812 Overture- used gun fire

Italy, The Barber of Seville based upon the same characters found in Mozart's the Marriage of Figaro, married Liszts daughter

Germany, claims to be self-taught, Bayreuth- only opera house in the world that is dedicated to performing Wagner operas

Austro-Hungary, Carmen is the most pop opera in music, about two lovers Carmen and Don Jose, not well received, loud

1820-1900

Very emotionally based music/ much more personal and expressive

Symphonies, piano concertos/etudes, and operas

flowing with rich harmonies, and frequent use of chromatics, full range of dynamics, freer use of rhythm/tempos speeding or slowing

A musical setting for a poem

Song-like pieces, soothing, relaxing

Performed to develop a particular playing technique

Sounds spontaneous

Free with Imagination

Musical Joke

Night music, written to be played at night, or about the night, minor

Dance Music

using all the notes found in a scale, all half steps

Instrumental music associated with nonmusical ideas

Emphasized beautiful singing, demanding melodic lines, and elaborate solos (fat viking women idea)

"Beautiful singing" was the name given to Romantic Opera