ch3.txt

a wide area network linking various universities and research centers; forerunner of the Internet

software used to perform a specific task that the user needs to accomplish

the transmission capacity of a computer or communications channel

type of network spanning multiple buildings, such as a university or business campus

responsible for performing all the operations of the computer; AKA microprocessor, processor, or chip

any computer, such as a user's workstation or PC on a network, or any software application, such as a work processing application, that requests and uses the services provided by a server

the sharing of information or services between computers using wireless or cable transmission media

a collection of related data organized in a way to facilitate data searches

a software application used to create, store, organize, and retrieve data from a single database or several databases

a grid computing architecture consisting of homogeneous computers that are dedicated to performing the grid's computing tasks

the U.S. governmental agency that began to study ways to interconnect networks of various kinds, leading to the development of the ARPANET

to convert analog into digital information, or bits, which can be used by computer-based information systems

used in Uniform Resource Locators (URLs) to identify a source or host entity on the Internet

the location of relatively small servers close to the end users to save resources in terms of network bandwidth and provide improved access time

microprocessor-based system(such as a digital video recorder [TiVo] or a network router) designed to perform only a specific, predefined task

portable, removable data storage device using flash memory

a text-based, menu-driven interface that enables users to access a large number of varied Internet resources as if they were in folders and menus on their own computers

attempts to use computing resources more efficiently, reducing energy needs

a computing architecture that combines the computing power of a large number of smaller, independent, networked computers (often regular desktop PCs) into a cohesive system in order to solve large-scale computing problems

a secondary storage device usually located inside the system unit of a computer for storing data: AKA hard disk

reference or link on a Web page to another document that contains related information

text in a Web document that is linked to other text or files

the standard method of specifying the format of Web pages; specific content within each Web page is enclosed within codes (called HTML tags) that stipulate how the content should appear to the user

the standard regulating how servers process user requests for web pages

the hardware, software, networks, data, facilities, human resources, and services used by organizations to support their decision making, business processes, and competitive strategy

the interconnection of various structural elements to support an overall entity, such as an organization, city, or country

a cloud computing model in which only the basic capabilities of processing, storage, and networking are provided

hardware that is used to enter information into a computer

a large worldwide collection of networks that use a common protocol to communicate with each other

a numerical address assigned to every computer and router connected to the Internet, serving as the destination address of that computer or device and enabling the network to route messages to the proper destination

the use of the Internet protocol for transporting voice, video, fax, and data traffic

a data packet that conforms to the Internet protocol specification

a computer network that spans a relatively small area, allowing all computer users to connect with each other to share information and peripheral devices, such as printers

a very large computer that is used as the main, central computing system by major corporations and governmental agencies

a computer network of limited geographic score, typically a citywide area that combines both LAN and high-speed fiber-optic technologies

a category of computers that is generally used for personal computing,for small business computing, aand as workstations attached to large computers or to other small computers on a network

the prediction that computer processing performance would double every 18 months

a U.S. governmental agency responsible for promoting science and engineering; the NSF initiated the development of the NSFNET

a network developed by the U.S. in 1986 that became a major component of the Internet

a group of computers and associated peripheral devices connected by a communication channel capable of sharing data and other resouces (e.g. a printer) among users

memory that does not lose its data after power is shut off

software for which the source code is freely available for use and/or modifications

software that coordinates the interaction between hardware devices, peripherals, application software, and users

a storage disk coated with a metallic substance that is written to (or read from) when a laser beam passes over the surface of a disk

hardware devices that deliver information in a usable form

the process of breaking information into small chunks called data packets and then managing the transfer of those packets from computer to computer via the Internet

any computer that may both request and provide services

networks that enable any computer or device on the network to provide and request services

a wireless network used to exchange data between computing devices using short-range radio communication, typically within an area of 10 meters

the design of a product so that it lasts for only a certain life span

a cloud computing model in which the customer can run his or her own applications that are typically designed using tools provided by the service provider but has limited or no control over the underlying infrastructure

temporary storage for current calculations

a telephone system that serves a particular location, such as a business, connecting one telephone extension to another within the system and connecting the internal extensions to the outside telephone network

cloud infrastructure that is internal to an organization

computer hardware that transforms inputs into outputs

procedures that different computers follow when they transmit and receive data

cloud infrastructure offered on a commercial basis by a cloud service provider

a type of primary storage that is volatile and can be accessed randomly by the CPU

an intelligent device used to connect and route data traffic across two or more individual networks

the ability to adapt to increases or decreases in demand for processing or data storage

methods for permanently storing data to a large-capacity storage component, such as a hard disk, diskette, CD-ROM disk, or tape

any computer on the network that enables access to files, databases, communications, and other services available to users of the network; it typically has a more advanced microprocessor, more memory, a larger cache, and more disk storage than a single-use computer

network in which servers and clients have defined roles

contract specifying the level of service provided in terms of performance (e.g., as measured by uptime) , warranties, disaster recover, and so on

a program or set of programs that tell the computer to perform certain processing functions

a cloud computing model in which a service provider offers applications via a cloud infrastructure

the most expensive and most powerful category of computers; it is primarily used to assist in solving massive research and scientific problems

the collection of programs that controls the basic operations of computer hardware

the highest level of Internet domain names in the domain name system, as indicated by their suffix (i.e., .com, .edu,. or .org)

the protocol of the Internet, which allows different interconnected networks to communicate using the same language

the physical pathways to send data and information between two or more entities on a network

the unique Internet address for a Web site and specific Web pages within sites

a form of on-demand computing where resources in terms of processing, data storage, or networking are rented on an as-needed basis; the organization only pays for the services used

the use of Internet technologies for videoconferences

a computer that does not exist as a physical machine but is implemented in software, allowing multiple computers to be run on a single server

the use of multiple virtual machines (run on large servers) to reduce energy needs

the use of Internet technologies for placing telephone calls

memory that loses its contents when the power is turned off

a software application that can be used to locate and display Web pages including text, graphics, and multimedia content

a hypertext document stored on a Web server that contains not only information but also references or links to other documents that contain related information

a computer used to host Web sites

a collection of interlinked Web pages typically belonging to the same person or business organization

Wireless LAN, based on the 802.11 family of standards

a computer network that spans a relatively large geographic area; typically used to connect two or more LANs

local area network using a wireless transmission protocol

computers offering lower performance than mainframes but higher performance than microcomputers that are designed for medical, engineering, or animation and graphics design uses, and are optimized for visualization and rendering of 3D models

a system of Internet servers that support documents formatted in HTML, which supports links to other documents, as well as graphics, audio, and video files