Fund 2 A&P Cells

Made of phospholipids, protein & cholesterol
-Forms the outermost boundary of a cell
-Permits certain substances to come in or leave the cell
-Is selectively permeable

A watery solution of minerals, organic molecules & gases 
-Found between the cell membrane & the nucleus

Contains the chromosomes of a cell
-is the control center of a cell because the genes it contains 
-Contains the nucleolus 
-Mature red blood cells lack this structure

The 3 organic molecules that make up cell membrane

Provides stability for the cell membrane

Form pores & transporters in the cell membrane

Are antigens, in combination with oligosaccharides

Permit the diffusion of lipid-soluble substances into or out of the cell.

Are receptor sites for hormones

Structure: An extensive series of membranous tubules that extend from the nuclear membrane to the cell membrane may be rough or smooth. 
Function: Passageway for transport of materials within the cell

Structure: Made of proteins & ribosomal RNA
Function: The site of protein synthesis

Structure: A series of flat, membraneous sacs
Function: Synthesize carbohydrates & secrete materials from the cell

Structure: Double-membrane structures; the inner membrane has folds called cristae
Function: the site of ATP production

Structure: A single-membrane structures that contain tissue-digesting enzymes 
Function: Digest warn out cell parts or ingested bacteria

Structure: Two rod shaped structures perpendicular to one another
Function: Organize the spindle fibers during cell division

Structure: Short thread-like projections through the cell membrane
Function: Sweep materials across the cell surface

Structure: A single, long, thread-like projection 
Function: Provides motility for a sperm cell

Structure: Folds of the cell membrane on the free surface
Function: Increase surface area for absorption by the cell

Structure: Barrel-shaped enzymatic structure 
Function: The site of destruction of damaged proteins

Definition: The movement of molecules from an area of greater concentration to an area of lesser concentration
Example: The movement of oxygen from the blood to the cells of the body.

Definition: The diffusion of water through an semipermeable membrane.
EX: The absorption of water by the small intestine or kidneys

Definition: Diffusion of molecules, requiring carrier enzymes or transporters 
EX: The intake of glucose by cells of the body

Definition: The use of energy to move molecules from an area of lesser concentration to an area of greater concentration
EX: The absorption of amino acids or glucose by the cells of the small intestine

Definition: Water & dissolved materials moved through a membrane from an area of higher pressure to an area of lower pressure
EX: Blood pressure in capillaries forces plasma out to become tissue fluid

Definition: The engulfing of something by a moving cell 
Ex: The engulfing of bacteria by white blood cells

Definition: The engulfing of something by stationary cell 
Ex: the reabsorption of small proteins by cells of the kidneys tubules

Has the same concentration of dissolved material as does a cell

Has higher concentration of dissolved material than does a cell

Has lower concentration of dissolved materials than does a cell

Makes up chromosomes of a cell, which are found in the nucleus

Human cells contain how many of these DNA structures?

A DNA molecule is made of ___strands of nucleotides twisted into a spiral called a _____.

The complimentary base pairing of DNA means that adenine is always paired with ________ cytosine is always paired with _______.

A gene is a segment of DNA that is the genetic code for one ______

A protein is made of the smaller molecules called________

The DNA code for one amino acid consists of how many bases? ______
-Therefore, the name for this code may also be the ______ code 
-The other name for a triplet is a ______

An RNA molecule consists of how many strands of nucleotides?

One type of RNA copies the genetic code of a DNA gene; this type is called _______ RNA, which may be abbreviated _______

The bases found in mRNA are adenine, guanine, cytosine and ______

An mRNA molecule is synthesized from the DNA in the_____(part) of a cell, but then ,over to the cytoplasm & becomes attached to which type of cell organelle?

A second type of RNA picks up amino acids in the cytoplasm of a cell; this type is called____RNA, which may be abbreviated _______

A tRNA has a triplet of bases called an anticodon, which matches the _____to the mRNA & ensures that the amino acid is positioned in it's proper place in the protein

Enzymes to form______bonds between amino acids are contained in the_____to which the mRNA is attached

The expression of the genetic code that gives us our hereditary characteristics is summarized in the sequence below
DNA --> ________ Proteins --> Hereditary characteristics ______--> Catalyze reactions to hereditary characteristics

Which part is transcription?    Which part is translation?

-Two identical cells are produced 
-One cell with the diploid number of chromosomes divides one
-The cells produced are needed for the growth & repair of tissues 
-Each cell produced has the diploid number of chromosomes

-4 cells are produced 
-one cell w/ the diploid # of chromosomes divides twice
-Each cell produced has the haploid # of chromosomes 
-The cells produced are egg or sperm cells

Before meiosis or mitosis takes place, a cell is said to be in a stage called interphase. During this time, DNA replication takes place. Explain what happens in DNA replication.

-The centrioles organize the formation of the spindle fibers
-The chromosomes coil up & become visible as short rods, each is a pair of chromatids connected at the centromere. 
The nuclear membrane disappears.

-The spindle fibers pull each set of chromosomes toward opposite poles of the cell
-Each chromatid is now considered a separate chromosome.

-The pairs of chromatids line up on the equator of the cell
-The centimeters divide.

-Each set of chromosomes uncoils, & nuclear membranes are re-formed
-Cytokinesis, the division of the cytoplasm, follows

Mitosis
Site: 
Reason:

Mitosis
Site:
Reason:

Human cell that does not reproduce by mitosis

What is the order of mitosis?

The organelles in which cell respiration takes place

Intracellular structures w/ specific roles in cellular functioning

Egg & sperm cells

Movement of molecules against a concentration gradient

the usual # of chromosomes within a cell

A membrane that permits only certain substances to pass through

Control center of the cell

The cell division process that forms gametes

The process by which a stationary cell takes in small particles

Half of the usual # of chromosomes

Diffusion of water through a membrane

Found between the cell membrane & the nucleus

Mode of phospholipids, cholesterol & proteins

A statement that best explains the available evidence

Type of cell division essential for repair of tissues

The process in which blood pressure creates tissue fluid

A human cell has 46 of these

Genetic code for 1 protein

Movement of molecules with or along a concentration gradient

Oxygen-Requiring

Mr. D is receiving chemotherapy for cancer. This medication inhibits the process of mitosis, which slows the production of malignant cells. Also affected, how ere, are other cells that undergo rapid mitosis.
Mr. D may develop anemia if the ___________is affected in this way?

Intraveneous solutions are often isotonic, which means that their concentrations of water & dissolved materials are ________ as the concentrations found in the blood plasma

If distilled water mistakenly administered intravenously, the red blood cells at the site would_____ water by the process of_____ & would eventually_______

Certain antibiotics that are used to treat bacterial infections inhibit the synthesis of the nucleic acids DNA & RNA. ALthough this may slow the growth of bacteria, the same processes in human cells may also be inhibited. Without SNA synthesis, what cellular process could not take place?___________
2.Without RNA synthesis, what cellular process would not take place?__________

The cell organelles most directly associated with cell division are the :

The hereditary material of cells is____, which is found in the ________of the cell

The major structural parts of a cell are the:

The cell organelle most directly associated w/ the production of cellular proteins is

The cellular transport mechanism that depend upon transporters or carrier enzymes in the cell membrane is:

The cellular transport mechanism that depends upon blood pressure is:

A water-salt solution with the same salt concentration as in cells is called:

Mitosis produces cells that have:

Meiosis produces cells that have:

The organic molecules in the cell membrane that form pores & receptor sites for hormones are:

Meiosis is necessary to produce:

Mitosis is necessary for:

The function of cilia is to:

THE NUCLEUS OF A CELL:

The function of a golgi apparatus of a cell is to synthesize

Diffusion is defined as the movement of molecules: from an area of greater concentration to an area of lesser concentration

A gene is the genetic code for one:

The complimentary base pairing of DNA is:

The complimentary base pairing of DNA with mRNA is:

Human cells that usually do not undergo mitosis in an adult are:

The cell organelle most directly associated with the destruction of damaged cellular proteins is the:

The function of the microvilli of a cell is to:

In the body, the process of diffusion is responsible for the movement of :

A cell that has the potential to develop into several different kinds of cell is a:

The cells lining the small intestine absorb glucose & amino acids by the process of:

The exchange of gases between the air in the lungs & the blood

The absorption of water by the small intestine