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Accretion
Addition of land of land due to actions of a body of water.
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Riperian Rights
The right to use water adjacent to ones property such as a river or stream.
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The doctrine of Prior Appropriation
Grants water rights to divert a specific amount of water from a specific source to irrigate a specific piece of property.
"First in time, is first in right"
Those rights are then assigned a priorty based on when the right was first used or applied for.
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Littoral land
includes land that is situated next to a lake, ocean or sea. Littoral land is a fancy term for lakefront or oceanfront property
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Community property
In a community property jurisdiction, most property acquired during the marriage (except for gifts or inheritances)—the community, or communio bonorum—is owned jointly by both spouses and is divided upon divorce, annulment or death
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Tenancy in Common
regarded by the law as owning separate and distinct shares of the same property. By default, all co-owners own equal shares, but their interests may differ in size.
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Tenancy by the entirety
type of concurrent estate formerly available only to "married couples", where ownership of property is treated as though the couple were a single legal person.
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Chattel
Personal Properties
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Emblements (Fructus Industriales)
annual crops produced by cultivation legally belonging to the tenant with the implied right for its harvest, and are treated as the tenant's property
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Leasehold Estate
an ownership of a "temporary" right to hold land or property in which a lessee or a tenant holds rights of real property by some form of title from a lessor or landlord.
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Fee Simple Estate
a form of freehold ownership. It is the way that real estate is owned in common law countries, and is the highest ownership interest possible that can be had in real property
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Life Estate
ownership of land for the duration of a person's life. In legal terms it is an estate in real property that ends at death when there is a "reversion" to the original owner. The owner of a life estate is called a "life tenant".
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Defeasible Estate
created when a grantor transfers land conditionally. Upon the happening of the event or condition stated by the grantor, the transfer may be void or at least subject to annulment.
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Avulsion
refers to the loss of land as a result of its being washed away by water (like a river or body of water or flash flood)
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Succession
or inheritance, in law, is the passage of an individual's property to one or more dependants
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Littoral rights
refers to rights concerning properties that abut an ocean, sea or lake, rather than a river or stream (riparian). Littoral rights are usually concerned with the use and enjoyment of the shore
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Heriditament
Any inheritable property
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Easement Appurtenant
Allows the holder of one property to benefit from another's. " Transferable" and "Permanent feature of the property"
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Servient tenement
a property burdened by easment of a neighbor's dominant property.
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Easement in Gross
An agreement between two parties for use of property. "Non transferable"
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Testate
One who dies leaving a valid will
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Allodial ownership
Modern form of ownwership often contrasted with "feudal"
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Feudal ownership
When land is held on the condition of rent or service due to the government. ex: "Army Barricks"
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Equitable Lein
Lein derived from the owner profiting from another person without compensating.
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Voluntary Lein
When you enter a mortage or loan
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General Lein
Grants a creditor the right to file a claim against all of the debtor's assets, not just a particular property.
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Statutory lein
Is one that arises out of specific law (otherwise known as statutes)
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Eminant Domain
Is the power of the state to seize private property. But have to determine fair compensation to the owner.
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encumbrance
One that encumbers; a burden or impediment. 2. Law A lien or claim on property.
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Deed
An instrument, by which ownership of a property, used to transfer from one person to another.
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Title
Evidence of ownership of a property.
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Abstract of title
A written summory that traces every change of ownership and claim against a property.
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Exclusive Agency
Allows owner to appoint an exclusive agent to sell his property but retain the right to sell the property himself.
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Open listing
Means that if the owner or any other broker or salesperson produces the buyer, the broker will lose his or her commission. Anyone who sells the home will recieve the commision.
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Exclusive Right to sell
The broker will recieve full commission regardless of whoever sells property even if its the owner.
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Redlining
Denying loans or charging more based on race
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Steering
Directing minorities to areas populated of the same race or religion.
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Blockbusting
trying to generate panic selling in a neighborhood dominated by one race or ethnic group by representing thta another group is about to start moving in.
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Statue of Frauds
requirement that contracts be memorialized in a signed writing with sufficient content to evidence the contract
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Commercial Property CAP RATE Formulas
1.) Income / Cap Rate = Value
2.) Income / Value = Rate
3.) Value * Cap Rate = Income
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Rebtal Property GRM - Gross Rent Multiplier
- Sold Rent/m GRMProp A 400k / 4 = 100
Prop B 350K / 3,200 = 109
My Prop ? / 3,700 = 105
How much can i sell my property for?
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Tax rate per thousand
tax levy ÷ total of all taxable assessments
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'Purchase-Money Mortgage'
The seller finances for the buyer
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'Wraparound Mortgage'
Merging a new and existing loan. Payment is made on both mortagages to the wraparound mortgagee, who then forwards the payments to the appropriate mortgages.
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closed mortgage
Loan agreement that does not allow a mortgagor (borrower) to repay the loan before its maturity date.
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Blanket Mortgage
Contractor is given funds to purchase several lots of land. Contracter can sell a land parcel while maintaiing the mortagage on the rest of the property.
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Demand mortgage
Allows lender to require payment whenever it wants to
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Package Mortgage
Personal property and real estate are used as collateral
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The clean air act
Signed in to law in 1970
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The clean water act
passed in 1972. Aimed at controlling water pollution
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National enviromental policy act
Created after 1969 Santa Barbara oil spill
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Comprehensive Enviromental Response Comprehensive and Liability Act (CERCLA)
Created in 1980. Designed to be a "superfund" that supplies resource to hazardous wastes sites, such as oil spill or spilled contaminants.
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The Endangered Species Act
Created in 1973.
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Safe drinking water act
Created in 1974
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The toxic Substance control act
Passed in 1976
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what does (UST) stand for ?
Underground Storage Tank
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What year did they stop building homes with Espestis?
1978
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Residential Lead-Based paint Hazard Reduction Act
Passed in 1992
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Truth in lending Act (Regulation Z)
Enacted in 1968. (Requires debt lenders to disclose all the specifics of a given loan.)
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Fiduciary duties
(O.L.D.C.A.R.)
- -Obedience
- -Loyality
- -Disclosure
- -Confidentiality
- -Accountabilty
- -Reasonable care
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Revocation
Agency contract has been terminated and there is no remedying the agreement
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Rescission
Agency contract has been violated and can be remdied by the broker
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Sherman Anti-Trust act
Prohibits many business practices that could unfairly restrict marketplace free compitition.
ex: No price fixing
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(RESPA) Real Estate Settlement and Procedures Act
Protects buyers from closing cost fees not agreed upon
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Federal Civil Rights Act
Created in 1866. Regarding individual home sellers and real estate agencies, they are not allowed to racially discriminate agaist anyone when it comes selling or leasing
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Federal fair Housing Act (Title 8)
Passed in 1968. protects dicrimination of individuals based on sex, race, color, religion, national origin, handicap famly status
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Subrogation
assuming the legal rights of a person for whom expenses or a debt has been paid. Typically, an insurance company which pays its insured client for injuries and losses then sues the party which the injured person contends caused the damages to him/her. Example: Fred Farmer negligently builds a bonfire which gets out of control and starts a grass fire which spreads to Ned Neighbor's barn. Good Hands Insurance Co. has insured the barn, pays Neighbor his estimated cost of reconstruction of the barn, and then sues Farmer for that amount.
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Chain of title vs. Absract of title
-Chain of title - A list of successive owners of a parcel of land, beginning from the government, or original owner, to the person who currently owns the land.
-Abrtact of title is history of all public records and transactions of a property. - briefly summarizes the various activities affecting ownership of a parcel of land.
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Straight Loans (aka Term Loans)
Essentailly divides the loan into two amounts, to be paid off separatley. Borrower makes periodic payments of interest only, followed by the payments of the principal in full at the end of the term.
Genrally used for home improvements and second mortgages
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Interest-Only Mortgage
Requires the payment of interest only for a stated period of time with the principal balance due at the end of the term.
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Balloon Payment
A mortgage which does not fully amortize over the term of the note, thus leaving a balance due at maturity. The final payment is called a balloon payment because of its large size. Balloon payment mortgages are more common in commercial real estate than in residential real estate.
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Amortized Loans
The word amortize literaly means to kill off slowly, over time.
Loans that are paid off slowly, over time, in equal amounts
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Growing Equity Mortage (GEM)
(aka Rapid-Payoff Loan) - allows payments start small and increase gradually over time.
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Reverse-Annuity Mortgage (RAM)
Payments are made by the lender to the borrower. An arrangement in which a homeowner borrows against the equity in his/her home and receives regular monthly tax-free payments from the lender. also called reverse mortgage or home equity conversion mortgage.
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Adjustable-Rate Mortgages
Loan starts off at one rate then fluctuates up or down during the loan term, based on some objective economic indicator.
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Private mortgage insurance (PMI)
The buyer purchases a insurance policy that provides the lender with funds in the event that the lendee defaults on the loan.
(Required when less then 20% is put down)
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Topography
The surface configurations on an area (i.e. Hills, Valleys, etc.)
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Graduate Payment loan
often referred to as GPM, is a mortgage with low initial monthly payments which gradually increase over a specified time frame. These plans are mostly geared towards young men and women who cannot afford large payments now, but can realistically expect to do better financially in the future. ***(It is a form of negative amortization loan)
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Assumed loan
Instead of a buyer taking out thier own loan, they assume responsibility for continuing to pay seller's outstanding loan.
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Open-end Mortgage
A mortgage loan that provides for future borrowing to the original loan.
The borrower may re-borrow the principal amount after a certain period of time.
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a POINT on a mortgage is
1% of the loan amount
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Estoppel Certificate
written confirmation that the borrower signs stating that the mortgage amount is correct.
- Commonly associated with the Secondary Market
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Subrogation
the legal substitution of one individual for another individual, with all rights passing onto the new party.
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Subordinate
A lessor priority. As in a subordinate mortgage that would be paid off only if the first mortgage was satisfied in a foreclosure.
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Aknowlegment is?
A person stating , I am the person who is supposed to be signing. A person accepting responsibilty
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Sherriffs Deed
a deed issued to the buyer of property that was sold under court order to pay off a debt
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Alienation
Transfer of ownership of property to a person/company by another person/company
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Adverse possesion
Adverse possession is a way of acquiring title to real property by physically occupying it for a long period of time. Usually 20 years.
- A form of involuntary alienation.
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Metes are decription by:
Feet, inches and rods
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General Warranty Deed
Offers most protection to Grantee. Least protection to Grantor
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Annexation
When personal property becomes real property.
Ex: Buy a sink. A plumber installs the sink. It now becomes real property.
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Quit Claim Deed
Offers least protection to Grantee. most protection to Grantor.
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Special Warranty Deed
Gives 2 warranties:
- 1.) Grantor owned the property
- 2.) While Grantor owned property, there were no encumbrances.
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MA Stamp Tax Rate
$4.56 / $1000
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Constructive Notice
Recording of documents into the public records
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Severance
When real property becomes personal property.
Ex: Owner permantly removes a tree to take.
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Statue of Frauds
-An expressed contract.
-Refers to the requirement that certain kinds of contracts be memorialized in a signed writing with sufficient content to evidence the contract.
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Appertenance
An attachment to land or edficies that now conveys with the property
Pool, Shed, Garage
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Habendum Clause
"To have and to hold"
- Habendum in a deed defines the ownership being transferred.
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Obsolescence
A decrease in worth beacause of outdated design of contruction, Such as a home without a dishwasher or cable hookup
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External Obsolescence
a reduction in worth of a specific home improvement because of something seperate from the property that decreases the worth of the home.
- Ex:
- - Nice home in bad nieghborhood.
-Trash from neighbor's home can decreas the value in your home
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Variance
To use real property inconsistently with current zoning. An owner would have to apply for variance.
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Actual Eviction
When tenant Breaches contract
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Contructive Eviction
When Landlord Breaches
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Defeasance clause
Requires lendor to grant clear cloud of title when loan is paid off.
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21E
Hazardous Soil, water
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Appraisal
Unbaised opinion of market value by a licensed professional
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Hypothecation
- Securing porperty as collateral for a loan
-To pledge (property) as security or collateral for a debt without transfer of title
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