Cell Physiology

• movement of molecules against the concentration gradient. moving from low to high concentration.
• *needs energy (ATP)*

no energy required

fluid in the cell

fluid outside of the cell

fluid within tissues

• somethings can get in and out of the cell.
• *** All mammal cells are semi-permeable ***

nothing can get into and out of the cell

• anthing and everything can get in and out of the cell.
• *** Truly doesnt exist ***

• movement of molecules moving from a higher concentration to a lower concentration.
• EX- making ice-tea, the powder is the solute and the water is solvent.

• molecules that can diffuse through the cell but not quickly and requires a carrier protein to assist.
• *still moves from a high to low concentration*

• the solvent moves instead of the solute, passive movement of water through a semi-permeable membrane from a dilute solution to a more concentrated one
• * want to have equal concentrations in and out of the cell*

have equal concentrations of solute both in and outside of the cell.

• the cell will strink because the concentration of solutes are higher outside of the cell.
• * crenation- cell strinks*

• the cell will swell because the concentration of solute is higher inside the cell.
• * the cell can lyse (explode)*

phagocytosis- "cell eating" eating whole molecules

Pinocytosis- " cell drinking" ingestion of liquid particles

• moving particles outside of the cell
• * excretion of waste products*
• *mast cells- secrete histamine

• low concentration of sodium inside the cell.
• high concentration of potassium inside the cell.
• three sodium ions are exchanged for every two potassium.
• requires energy.