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What is food?
- anything that substain life
- - meal
- - tube feeding
- - intravenous solution
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what are nutrients?
- maintain life
- grow and reproduction
- body w/ energy
- structure
- regulation
- - fat = hormones
- - water = temp.
- - vitamins = metabolism
- - minerals = blood volume
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# of nutrients
45 / 6 groups
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2 types of nutrients
- essential
- - must be comsumed
- - need constant suppy
- non-essential
- - made body
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6 groups of nutrients
- -carb
- -fats
- - proteins
- - vitamins
- - minerals
- - water
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DRI?
4 reference vaules, plannig
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DRI
Dietary reference intakes
4 set of reference values, used to plan and assess diets of healthy people
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EAR
Estimated average requirement
meet need of 50% people, same age and gender
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RDA
Recommended Dietary Allowances
amount to prevent deficiency
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UL
Tolerable upper intake levels
highest amount likely to not pose adverse effects
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Food labels
- -serving size
- -metric measurement
- -size realistic
- -show sataurated and
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Food labels
- -serving size
- -realistic size
- -metric measurements
- -saturated and trans fat
- -ingredients by weight
- -DV - Daily Value based on 2,000 calorie
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Function of carb
- formation of nerve tissue
- " " RNA/DNA
- cell structure
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Building blocks
- Saccharides
- -Monosaccharide
- -glucose
- -fructose
- -galactose
- Disacchardies
- -Maltose
- -sucrose
- -lactose
- Complex
- oligosaccharides (5)
- Oligo=scant
- increase calorie not taste
- Polysaccharides
- -glycogen (muscle/liver)
- -starches
- Fiber
- -insoluble (can be seen)
- -soluble (gel)
- accha
- Olig
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benefits of fiber
- -heart diease
- -diabetes
- -GI health
- -Cancer
- -weight management
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Gluconeogenesis
conversion of protein to glucose for energy
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Glucose regulating
- Insulin - decrease blood sugar
- Glucagon - increase blood sugar
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diabetes
- IDDM - Type I/Juvenile
- NIDDM - Type II/adult onset
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Syndrome X
- High cholesterol
- high triglycerides
- hypertension
- diabetes
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Artificial sugars
- -nonnutrive (sweet and low)
- -aspartame (nutrisweet/equal)
- -acesulfame-k - for diabetes
- -sucralose (slenda)
- -neotame - denature
- -stevia (truvia)
- -maltitol/mannitol/sorbitol/xylitol/isomalt/lactitol - used in ice creams, causes GI discomfort
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Lipids function
- -energy
- -essential fatty acids
- -carries fat soluble vitamins a,d,e,k
- -insulation
- -shock absorber
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building blocks
- -fatty acids
- includes:
- -fats/oil
- -phospholipids
- -sterol
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types of fats
- -triglycerides 98% of f
- at intake
- -saturated
- -polyunsaturated
- -monounsaturated
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sataurated fat
- -increase blood cholesterol
- -hydrogenated
- -solid
- -animal products
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polyunsaturated
- -decrease total cholesterol
- -more than 1 double bond
- -vegetable
- -liquid
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monounstaurated
- -decrease LDL/increase HDL
- -1 double bond
- -vegetable
- -liquid
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Hydrogenation
- -liquid to solid
- -increase saturated/transfat
- -increase shelf livne
- Cis - natural occuring fatty acide
- -transfat when hydrogenated
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fish oils
- omega-3
- -lower LDL
- protection:
- -heart disease/stroke
- -some cancer
- -arthritis
- omega-6
- -lowers LDL and HDL
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too much fish oils
- -GI discomfort
- -Vit A/D toxicity
- -easy bruising/bleeding
- -mercury poision
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fatty acid deficiency
- -dry scaly skin
- -poor growth in infants
- -impaired vision/hearing
- -liver abnormalities
- -poor healing
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