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The 4 Mesoamerican Writing Systems are:
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Maya glyphs of the postclassical period are usually found in?
Paper books or "codices"
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Where are Maya glyphs of the classic period normally found?
On Stela, alters, or lintels. Also found on artifacts such as pottery
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Maya invented the concept of ______
Zero
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The Maya calendar ended in:
AD 2012
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Maya Calendar started in _____
31114
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Time recorded using a base number of ___
20 (vigesimal system)
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The long count ran:
a 5126 year cycle
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The Maya calendar was ____
cyclical
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The short count ran:
- a 256 year cycle
- also know as the Katun Count
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The calendar round ran:
- a 52 year cycle
- it is the amount of time it takes the tzolkin and haab to repeat
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____, _____, _____, where the only people that could read the glyphs
Priests, Scribes, Merchants
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The four Maya codices are:
- Dresden (1250-1345 AD)
- Madrid (15th-16th Century)
- Paris (1200 AD)
- Grolier (1230 AD)
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Which of the four codices is thought to be a possible fake?
Grolier, it is not as artistic or vivid. It is very plain and not done very well so it thought to be fake.
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How many days did the Roman calendar have?
304
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What is the current calendar used today and how many days is it?
The Gregorian Calendar of 365.2425 days (established 1582)
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How many days did the Maya calendar have?
365 days
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How long was the Maya religious calendar?
260 days
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How was the Maya calendar broke down (months, days)
18 months, 20 days in a month, plus one month of only 5 days, totaling 365 days
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What is the Tzolkin?
- 260 day cycle
- also called the sacred almanac of 20 days with numbers 1-13
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The Haab was:
- 365 day calendar
- also called the astronomical, topical, or vague year
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What is the time called that only has 5 days in a month and why is it important?
The Uayeb was thought to be 5 days of bad luck, cursed, dark.
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This is an example of what Maya writing system and how is it read?
- Bar and Dot
- A bar is 5 a dot is 1 (the head associated with the date varies)
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What are the Maya calendar cycles and how long did they last?
- *Tzolkin (religious calendar)-260 days
- *Haab (day calendar)-365 days
- *Calendar Round (similar to a century)-52 years
- *Long Count- 5126 years (from 3114 BC- AD 2012)
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Katun endings celebrated ___
the end of a 20 year period of time
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This is what system?
Base 20
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How much time do the first 5 glyphs represent?
- Kin=1day
- Uinal=20 Kin=1 month
- Tun=18 Uinal=360 days=1 year
- Katun=20 Tun=7,200 days=20 years
- Baktun=20 Katun=144000 days=400 years
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What is the top glyph called?
The ISIG, which is found before all dates
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7.16.3.2.13 (December 7, 36 BC) is the ____.
Earliest long count found
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8.12.14.8.15 is the earliest long count found in the Maya _____. It was found on Stela __
Lowlands, 2
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What does the first number of a long count signify?
Example: 8.0.0.0.0, what does the 8 signify?
The cycle
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What are the three most common cycles?
Cycle 8,9,10
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What time period are these cycles from?
Late preclassic to postclassic
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Cycle 8 is year_____
Cycle 9 is year_____
Cycle 10 is year ____
41 AD, 435 AD, 830 AD
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These glyphs are ____ signs
Day
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These glyphs are ____ signs
Month
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Diego de Landa
- *Priest that came to convert Mayans
- *Burned all but 4 Maya codex
- *Made notes on Maya
- *Tried to make an "Alphabet" of the glyphs
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Brasseur de Bourbourg
- *Wrote Motul Dictionary
- *Attempted to interpret Maya language
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Ernest Forsteman
- *Published Dresden Codex
- *Discovered Maya use of: base 20, concept of 0, Venus tables
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Daniel Brinton
- *Studied hieroglyphs
- *Started first Anthropology Program in US
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Joseph Goodman
Found correlation between our calendar and the Maya calendar (wasn't successful)
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Sylvanus Morley
- *Long count guru
- *Corpus of Maya inscriptions
- *US spy
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J. Eric Thompson
- *50 year career in Maya study
- *Catalog of Maya Hieroglyphs
- *Only believed the glyphs to be non-phonetic (they were pictures and did not represent sounds)
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Heinrich Berlin
*Discovered Emblem Glyphs
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What are emblem glyphs?
Glyphs assigned to a certain site and only that site
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Palenque and Yazchilan have _____
multiple emblem glyphs
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Dos Pilas and ____ share similar emblem glyphs. Possible because _____.
Tikal, a person from Tikal founded Dos Pilas
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Tatiana Proskouriakoff
- Major glyph interpreter
- proved that Maya texts contained historical information relating to people, places, and events
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This is a glyph representing _____. It is also called the ______.
Death, upended turtle or frog
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This glyph represents _____. It is often called the _____.
Accession to a higher power such as king, the tooth ace glyph
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Yuri Knorosov
Discovered glyphs represent sounds
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David Kelley
- *First to interpret glyphs
- *Used a combination of Proskouriakoff and Knorosov
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Ian Grahm
Wants to make a hand drawn documentation of all the glyphs at all the sites
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Mesa Redondas de Palenque
- *Created by Merie Green Robertson
- *Every year for 20 years the top in Mayan glyphs would discuss there findings
- *1973-1993
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Linda Schele
- *"Dean of translation"
- *Left all her work open so you do not need a copyright permission letter to use it
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Stephen Houston and David Stuart are the "_______"
Next generation
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Several glyphs may represent the _____
Same thing
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What is the Palenque Triad
A triad of gods that appear many times in many places
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This glyph is thought to be of?
A king being taken into the underworld after death
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Lord Water
- of Caracol
- Belize defeated the site of Tikal in war (AD 562)
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Pacal "The Great"
interred in tomb in Palenque (AD 681)
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Yuknoom
- of Site Q
- Flink and shield destroyed by Tikal (AD 695)
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Ah Cacao
placed in Burial 116 at Tikal (AD 734)
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18 Rabbit
- of Copan
- captured by Quirigua (AD 738)
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Bird Jaguar
- of Yaxchilan
- Claims throne (AD 752)
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Ethnography has led to:
a portrayal of Maya society as egalitarian with vacant towns
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Ethnohistory has led to:
a portrayal of Maya society as 2 class with nobles and commoners
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Archaeology had led to:
a portrayal of Maya society as being comprised on many social levels
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This is a map of:
- Veracruz, Mexico (same location as Olmec)
- Huaxtoc (top)
- Tajic (next)
- Zapotal (last)
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Huaxtec
- perfectly round temple
- Mixteca-Puebla style
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What is Mixteca-Puebla Style
- Huaztec style
- Band of shapes going around artifacts
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Zapotal
- Remojadas: life size figurines
- Found mostly in trash pits
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The shaded area on this map includes which sites?
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El Tajin
- Temple of Niche
- Walled court yard that was not enclosed
- Step-frets
- Heart sacrifice after ball game
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The shaded area of the map indicates the:
Toltecs
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Toltecs are the most ___
disputed cultural group
-
Cholula, Mexico
- drunkards mural
- has evidence of a transition in culture
- Toltec
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This is the :
- Drunkard's mural
- Found at Cholula, Mexico
- Has Teo and Maya influence
- Toltec
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Cacaztla, Mexico
- known for murals
- the "Mayanized" Mexicans
- Murals were very Maya like
- Toltec
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This mural is from:
Cacaztla, Mexico
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Cantona, Mexico
- Minimal archeological work
- 24 different ball courts
- 18 ball courts used at once
- buildings built using no mortar, just weight of stone
- many phalli sculptures found
- Toltec
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This is found at which site?
-
Xochicalco, Mexico
- Toltec
- Ceremonial center?
- On top of plateau flattened by Toltec
- could hold 20000 people
- found possible image of Quetzalcoatl
- Walls surrounded the main structure
- Had roads
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The Toltec Capital is:
Tula, Mexico
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Tula, Mexico
- Terraced pyramids
- Warrior sculptures
- Chacmool
- Heart Sacrifice
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This is a:
- Chacmool
- Found all throughout Mesoamerica
- Found at Toltec, Maya, Aztec sites
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Jorge Acosta
- Excavated at Tula
- Fist to call it the Capital
- Butterfly Chest plates on warriors
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Sculputers found at Tula:
- Atlantean Figures
- Standard Bearers
- Roof/Wall ornamentation
- High Status Itmes
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This is an example of:
- Plumbate pottery
- From Tula
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This is an example of:
- Open-Work incensario
- Found at Chichen-Itza
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This is an example of a:
Warrior statue found at Tula, Chichen-Itza
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This is an example of:
- Tzompantli (Skull racks)
- Found at Tula, Chichen-Itza, Uxmal, Tenochtitlan
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Classic Maya Trade:
Traded in the lowlands and elsewhere in Mesoamerica
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Classic Maya Cities:
- The Maya Built grand building
- Built canals, ball courts, and large plazas
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Classic Maya Warfare:
- Conflicts were over control of land
- Warfare was bloody, hand to hand
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This is a map of:
Locations of classic Maya site
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