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Labor unions
Worker organizations that seek to secure economic improvements for their members.They also seek to improve the safety, health,and other benefits (such as job security) of their members.
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Craft unions
Labor unions composed of workers who engage in a particular trade or skill,
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Collective bargaining
Negotiation between the management of a company or of a group of companies and the management of a union or a group of unions for the purpose of reaching a mutually agreeable contract that sets wages, fringe benefits, and working conditions for all employees in all the unions involved.
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Industrial unions
Labor unions that consist of workers from a particular industry, such as automobile manufacturing or steel manufacturing.
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Right-to-work laws
Laws that make it illegal to require union membership as a condition of continuing employment in a particular firm.
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Closed shop
A business enterprise in which employees must belong to the union before they can be hired and must remain in the union after they are hired.
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Union shop
A business enterprise that may hire nonunion members, conditional on their joining the union by some specified date after employment begins.
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Jurisdictional dispute
A disagreement involving two or more unions over which should have control of a particular jurisdiction, such as a particular craft or skill or a particular firm or industry.
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Sympathy strike
A work stoppage by a union in sympathy with another union’s strike or cause.
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Secondary boycott
A refusal to deal with companies or purchase products sold by companies that are dealing with a company being struck.
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Strikebreakers
Temporary or permanent workers hired by a company to replace union members who are striking.
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ALTERING THE DEMAND FOR UNION LABOR
Increasing worker productivity.
Increasing demand for union-made goods.
Decreasing the demand for non-union-made goods.
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Featherbedding
Any practice that forces employers to use more labor than they would otherwise or to use existing labor in an inefficient manner.
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Monopsonist
The only buyer in a market.
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Monopsonistic
Exploitation Paying a price for the variable input that is less than its marginal revenue product; the difference between marginal revenue product and the wage rate.
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Bilateral monopoly
A market structure consisting of a monopolist and a monopsonist.
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