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Chondocranium
Endochonral bone, cartilage, supports and protects brain, form sensory capsules
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Dermatocranium
always bone- formed from dermis, outer casing of skull
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Splanchnocranium
- *brain that grows
- endochondral bone and/or cartilage, derivatives of visceral arches, *form neural crest
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Upper jaw formed...
Palatoquadrate
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Lower jaw formed...
Mandibular Cartilage
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1st type jaw suspension, bottom jaw loosely connected to brain case by hyomandibula
Autostyly
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Jaw suspension partially supported by hyomandibula
Amphystyly
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Jaw suspension advanced in fishes- both upper and lower jaw are attached to hyomandibula
Hyostylic
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Hyomandibula has become what in human ear?
Stapes
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Quadrate has become what in human ear?
Incus
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Articular has become what in human?
Malleus
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Notochord
- Present in sluggish fish
- Hydrostatic= fluid-filled
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Hemal arches
- Only in tail region
- Caudal artery and vein run thru there
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Subperitoneal rib
- covers body cavity
- *to strengthen body wall and prevent collapse
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Intermuscular rib/Dorsal rib
strengthens myosepta (connective tissue) and transfer force from segmental muscles
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Main part of vertebrae
Vertebral centrum
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Canal for spinal cord
Vertebral arch
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Hemal arch
in tail, runs caudal artery and vein
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Which vertebrae contain no ribs
Lombar
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Which category of animals have most cervical vertebrae
Mammals
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Evolved from notochord, jelly-like
Nucleus pulposus
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Which vertebrae have ribs
Trunk vertebrae
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1st cervical vertebrae
Atlas
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Vertebrae missing the centrum
Atlas
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2nd Cervical vertebrae
Axis
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What acts as the axel from the Axis
Neural canal acts as axel to 2nd vertebrae- Axis
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What mammals do not contain sacral vertebrae
Dolphin, manatee, whale
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What vertebrae are limited in dolphins, whales and manatees
- Cervical vertebrae- are thin but havent fused
- -- small and compressed -- minimizes instability and adds power
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