Ortho and Athletic Injuries - Unit One

The functions of the human body.

Producing and abnormal movement when injured.

Producing abnormal physiology when ill.

The process of determining the priotiy of treatment.

Orderly; based on a specific sequence of events.

Finite measures that are readily reproducible reardless of the individual collecting the information.

The inital physcial findings, either from the pre-season physical examiniation in the athlete or upon the inital evaluation during an injury or illness.

Muscle guarding

History - The patient can use uninjured side for referencing pain, lack of motion, or the mechanism of injury.

Inspection - Provides a reference for symmetry and color of the supericial tissues.

Palpation - Provides a reference for the comparison of bilateral symmetry of bones, alighnment, tissue temp, or other deformity as well as the presence of increased tendernes.

ROM Testing - Provides a reference for ROM, strength, and painfu arcs.

Ligamentous and capsular test - Provides a refernce for end-feel, relative laxity, and pain.

Special Tests - Provides a refernce for pathology of individual ligaments, and joint capsules, and musculotendinous units and the body's organs.

• Neurologic Tests - Provides a reference for bilateral sensory, reflex, and motor function.

How the injury occured.

Trauma caused by on single event.

Trauma caused by the accumulaiton of repeated forces resulting in an insidious onset of symptoms.

Giving way or subluxation of a joint during functional activity that causes pain and inability to complete the activity.

The partial or incomplete dislocation of a joint, usually transient in nature; the joit surfaces relocate as the forces causing the joint desplacements are relieved.

Pain at a site other than the actual locaton of the trauma. Referred pain tends to be projected outward from the torso and distally along the extremities.

Scattered or widespread pain.

Injury caused by accumulated microtraumatic stress placed on a structure or body area.

The sensation of numbness or tingling, often described as a "pins and needles" sensation, caused by compression of or a lesion to a peripheral nerve.

A condition existing at or before birth.

The stetching or tearing of legamentous or capsular tissue.

The sequential movement sof the spine, pelvis, knee, ankle, foot, and uper extremity when walking ro running.

An abnormality that is visible t the unaided eye.

The presence of any other significant trauma must be ruled out. The evaluation is terminated, emergency management procedures are implemented and the person is transported to a medical facility.

The ability of the athlete to perceive sensory stimuli such as touch discrimination or tempreture.

A blue or purple area of skin caused by the movement of blood into the skin.

Hypertrophic scar formation secondary to excessive collagen.

Pertaining to the opposite side of the body or the opposite extremity.

Repeated crackling sensations or sound emanating from a joint or tissue.

A fluid-filled sac that decreases friction between adjoining soft tissues or between soft tissue and bones.

Because changes in density could indicate muscle spasm, hemorrhage, edema, scarring, myositis ossificans, or other conditions.

An active inflammatory process.

Normal ranges of data collected for comparison during the evaluation of an athlete. On many measures, athletes have norms different from the general population.

Toward the midline of the body; the opposite of distal.

The act of bending a joint and decreasing its angle.

Range of motion.

Active range of motion.

Structures other than bone, including muscle, tendon, legament, capsule, bursa, and skin.

Faking or exaggerating the symptoms of an injury or illness.

An area withing a joint's range of motion that causes pain, representing compression, impingement, or abrasion of the underlying tissues.

The specfic quality fo the movement felt by an examiner moving a joint to the end of its range of motion.

The act of straightening a joint and increasing its angle.

Procedure that may prove harmful given the athlete's current condition.

Passive range of motion.

Tissue that is capable of shrtening and subsequently elongating; muscular tissue.

Resisted range of motion

A depression on a bone.

Lateral movement of a body part away from the midline of the body. In the feet, the movement is in reference to the midline of the foot.

Compensation occurs when postural changes are used to substitute for a loss of motion or weakness, such as using shoulder girdle elecation to compensate for a loss of glenohumeral abduction. Compensation may also occure through muscular substitution, especially by more proximal muscle groups, as the patient attempts to overcome wekness of the muscle being tested by recruiting other muscles.

Ligamentous and capsular tissues surrounding a joing.

Assessments of the neurologic status of the peripheral nervous system of the upper and lower extremities, through the evaluation of sensation, motor function, and deep tendon reflexes respectively.

An area of skin innervated by a single nerve root.

Neurons that send signals from the central nervous system to the muscluar system.

The group fromed by a muscle and its tendons.

A contaction in which the elongation of the muscle is voluntarily controlled. Lowering a weight is an example of an eccentric contraction.

Occurs when the muscle generates more force than its fibers can withstand.

In the opposite direction of the movement.

A fibrous membrane that supports and separates and muscles and unites the skin with the underlying tissues.

The cause of a disease.

Cells concerned with the formation of new bone.

A cell that forms cartilage.