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Adenosine deaminase (in pleural effusion)
TB
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Aschoff Nodule
Rheumatic fever (carditis)
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Austin flint murmur
Aortic regurgitation
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Anticentromere antibodies
Scleroderma (CREST)
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Antidesmoglein (epithelial) antibodies
Pemphigus vulgaris (blistering)
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Anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies
Goodpasture's syndrome (glomerulonephritis and hemoptysis)
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Antihistone antibodies
Drug-induced SLE (hydralazine, isoniazid, phenytoin, procainamide)
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Anti-IgG antibodies
Rheumatoid arthritis (systemic inflammation, joint pannus, boutonnière deformity)
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Antimitochondrial antibodies (AMAs)
1° biliary cirrhosis (female, cholestasis, portal hypertension)
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Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs)
Vasculitis (c-ANCA: Wegener's; p-ANCA: microscopic polyangiitis, Churg-Strauss syndrome)
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Antinuclear antibodies (ANAs: anti-Smith and anti-dsDNA)
SLE (type III hypersensitivity)
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Antiplatelet antibodies
Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) (bleeding diathesis - tendency to bleed)
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Anti-topoisomerase antibodies
Diffuse systemic scleroderma
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Anti-transglutaminase/antigliadin/anti-endomysial antibodies)
Celiac disease (diarrhea, distention, weight loss)
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Azurophilic peroxidase-positive granular inclusions in granulocytes
Auer rods (acute myelogenous leukemia: especially the promyelocytic [M3] type)
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"Apple core" lesion on abdominal x-ray
Colorectal cancer (usually left-sided)
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Bacitracin response
Sensitive: Streptococcus pyogenes (group A); resistant: Streptococcus agalactiae (group B)
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Ankylosing spondylitis (chronic inflammatory arthritis: HLA-B27)
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Basophilic nuclear remnants in RBCs
Howell-Jolly bodies (due to splenectomy or nonfunctional spleen)
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Baspophilic stippling of RBCs
Lead poisoning or sideroblastic anemia
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Bloody tap on LP
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
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"Boot shaped" heart on x-ray
Tetralogy of Fallot, RVH
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Branching gram-positive rods with sulfur granules
Actinomyces israelii
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Bronchogenic apical lung tumor on imaging
Pancoast tumor (can compress sympathetic ganglion and cause Horner's syndrome)
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"Brown" tumor of bone
Hyperparathyroidism or osteitis fibrosa cystica (deposited hemosiderin from hemorrhage gives brown color)
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Cardiomegaly with apical atrophy
Chagas' disease (Trypanosoma cruzi)
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Cellular crescents in Bowman's capsule
Rapidly progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis
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"Chocolate cyst" of ovary
Endometriosis (frequently involves both ovaries)
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Circular grouping of dark tumor cells surrounding pale neurofibrils
Homer-Wright rosettes (neuroblastoma), medulloblastoma, retinoblastoma
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Colonies of mucoid Pseudomonas in lungs
Cystic fibrosis (autosomal-recessive mutation in CFTR resulting in fat-soluble vitamin deficiency and mucous plugs)
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Decreased α-fetoprotein in amniotic fluid/maternal serum
Down syndrome or other chromosomal abnormalities
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Degeneration of dorsal column nerves
Tabes dorsalis (3° syphilis), subacute combined degeneration (dorsal columns and lateral corticospinal tracts affected)
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Depigmentation of neurons in substantia nigra
Parkinson's disease (basal ganglia disorder: rigidity, resting tremor, bradykinesia)
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Desquamated epithelium casts in sputum
Curschmann's spirals (bronchial asthma; can result in whorled mucous plugs)
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Disarrayed granulosa cells in eosinophilic fluid
Call-Exner bodies (granulosa-theca cell tumor of ovary)
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Dysplastic squamous cervical cells with nuclear enlargements and hyperchromasia
Koilocytes (HPV: predisposes to cervical cancer)
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Enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusion bodies
"Owl's eye" appearance of CMV
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Enlarged thyroid cells with ground-glass nuclei
"Orphan Annie's eyes" nuclei (papillary carcinoma of the thyroid)
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Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in liver cell
Mallory bodies (alcoholic liver disease)
- (notice "twisted rope" appearance)
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Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in nerve cell
Lewy body (Parkinson's disease)
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Eosinophilic globule in liver
Councilman body (toxic or viral hepatitis, often yellow fever)
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Eosinophilic inclusion bodies in cytoplasm of hippocampal nerve cells
Negri bodies of rabies (Lyssavirus)
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Extracellular amyloid deposition in gray matter of brain
Senile plaques (Alzheimer's disease)
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Giant B cells with bilobed nuclei with prominent inclusions ("owl's eye")
Reed-Sternberg cells (Hodgkin's lymphoma)
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Glomerulus-like structure surrounding vessel in germ cells
Schiller-Duval bodies (yolk sac tumor)
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"Hair on end" (crew-cut) appearance on x-ray
β-thalassemia, sickle cell anemia (marrow expansion)
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hCG elevated
Choriocarcinoma, hydatidiform mole (occurs with and without embryo)
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