lab quiz 5

the process by which life has changed through time

a group of similarly constructed organisms that share common geens

all the members of a species living in a particular area

structures, physiology, and behavior that make an organism suited to its environment

the unity of life; all organisms share the same characteristics of life because they can trace their ancestry to the first cell or cells

ancestors common to at least 2 lines of descent

• earliest life on earth are prokaryotes
• early atmosphere has no oxygen
• planet of bacteria; then eventually JOINED by higher organisms

study of distribution of life on planet surface

divides the history of the earth into eras, then periods, then epochs. eras are longest amount of time, epochs are shortest

• Precambrian
• Paleozoic
• Mesozoic
• Cenozoic

none

• cambrian
• ordovician
• silurian
• devonian
• carboniferous
• permian

• triassic
• jurassic
• cretaceous
•       -ME of dinos

• tertiary
• quaternary
•     -modern humans appear

remains or evidence of some organism that lived long ago

• carbon film
• permineralization
• replacement
• cast
• mold
• simple burial

result of breakdown of organic materials and the subsequent deposition of the resulting carbon

the fossilization process in which the pore spaces of an organism are filled with a mineral

the process in which the organic material of an organism is replaced by a mineral

the result of the naturally filling in of a mold after breakdown of an organism

an impression left in the host rock by an organism

the burial of an organism with no alteration of the hard parts

to give rocks an actual date, or date range, in number of years

puts geological events in time order

• extinction: total disappearance of a species or higher group
• mass extinction: a large number of species disappear in a few million years or less

parts of organisms that exhibit similar basic structures and embryonic origins

parts of organisms that are similar in function only

remnant of a structure that was functional in some ancestor but is no longer functional in the organism in question

idea that the rate at which mutational changes accumulate in certain genes is constant over time and is not involved in adaptation to the environment

• small protein in electron transport chain
• important because the sequence of amino acids is similar across the tree of life
• number of differences between cytochrome c amino acid sequence in humans and other organisms increases with the distance in time to their common ancestor
• ex. monkey cytochrome c is different from humans by 1 amino acid, yeast is different by 51 amino acids