Sogang chapter 4

• How much is this?
• I would like to buy some Korean things.
• The red Hanbok is beautiful.
• Give me a blue Hanbok.
• It's 30 dollars.
• I would like to leave at 10:00.

• Clerk: Welcome. May I help you?
• Anna: I would like to buy some Korean things. What kind of things do you have?
• Clerk: There are many things. What about these?
• Anna: What are these?
• Clerk: (They) are Hanbok. (They) are the traditional Korean dresses.
• Anna: (They) are really beautiful. Do you have blue Hanbok too?
• Clerk: Yes, we have. We have red and yellow Hanbok, too.
• Anna: This red Hanbok is pretty. Give me a (set of) red Hanbok.
• Clerk: Yes, wait a minute, please.
• Anna: How much is it?
• Clerk: It is 30 dollars.
• Anna: Here you are. Good-bye.

Anna is making weekend plans with her friends. they want to decide on the place, departure time, food, and exercise. Look at these cards carefully.

• Name: Anna
• Place: The beach
• Departure time: Saturday 10:00 AM
• Food: Korean food
• Activity: Swimming

• Name: Sanchez
• Place: The mountain
• Departure time: Friday 5:00 PM
• Food: Mexican food
• Activity: Climbing

• Name: Andy
• Place: The park
• Departure time: Sunday 8:00 AM
• Food: Hamburgers
• Activity: Basketball

would like  to (do)/want to (do)   

The pattern ‘-고 싶다’ is used to indicate the desire of the subject and is used with action verbs and ‘있다.’ This pattern ‘-고 싶다’ is         used with first person statements and second person questions.

• 사과를 사고 싶어요.
• (I) would like to buy an apple. 

• 커피를 마시고 싶어요.
• (I) would like to drink a cup  of coffee. 

• 한국에 가고 싶어요.
• (I) would like to go to Korea. 

• 안나씨를 만나고 싶어요?
• Would (you) like to see Anna? 

• 어디에 가고 싶으세요?
• Where would (you) like to go?   

Tense and negation are expressed in the verb '싶다'.     

• 피자를 먹고 싶어요.
• (I) wanted to eat pizza. 

• 피자를먹고 싶지 않아요.
• (I) don't want to eat pizza.

imperative sentence ending   

'-세요' is one of the sentence endings which can be used for  indicating polite questioning in the Interrogative(-세요?) and polite order(command)  in the Imperatives(-세요). This ending is more polite than the sententce         ending '-어요.'   

• (1) '-세요?' This form implies respect of the speaker for the subject of the sentence,         but the answer to this ‘-세요?’ must be ‘-어요’ when referring to the yourself  in the first person.
•     
• 집에 가세요?
• Do you go home? 

• 네, 집에 가요.
• Yes, I go.   

(2) '-세요.' This form means 'Please do something' when referring to the second person.    

• 사과 주세요.
• Please give me an apple. 

• 안나를 만나세요.
• Please meet Anna.

per,for,by,at,in   

'-에' is used to indicate the  time that something takes place and proportion.    

• 저는 안나씨를 한 시에 만나요.
• I meet Anna at 1 o'clock. 

• 저는 월요일에 등산을 가요.
• I go climbing on Monday. 

• 그 책을 1,000원에 샀어요.
• I bought that book for 1,000won. 

• 이 사과 한 개에 얼마예요?
• How much is this apple for one?

• 얼마
• How much 

• 몇 시
• What time 

• 몇 개
• How many 

• 며칠
• What day 

• 몇 가지
• How many kinds    

• 이거 얼마예요?
• How much for this? 

• 지금 몇 시예요?
• What time is it now? 

• 몇 개 드릴까요?
• How many do you want? 

• 오늘 며칠이에요?
• What day is today? 

• 몇 가지 색이 있어요?
• How many colors are there?

There are various counting units in the Korean language.         '개', which means 'piece, item, object', is widely used when counting things         and '명', which means 'person', is used when counting persons. '분' and         '사람' are also used when counting persons, but '분' is the polite form and         shows respect for the persons counted. These counting units do not occur         as independent words, but are connected to numbers. The Korean numbers         are used with these units, for example '다섯 개, 열 개', and '일곱 명, 아홉 명',          and the name of things or persons should precede these expressions.

• 시계 다섯 개 five watches 
• 책 일곱 개 seven books 
• 학생 열 명 ten students 
• 선생님 열 여덟 분 eighteen teachers

Several Korean numbers are changed when they used with counting  units.

• 하나: 한 개, 한 명, 한 분, 한 사람
• 둘: 두 개, 두 명, 두 분, 두 사람
• 셋: 세 개, 세 명, 세 분, 세 사람
• 넷: 네 개, 네 명, 네 분, 네 사람
• 스물: 스무 개, 스무 명, 스무 분, 스무 사람

• 사과 한 개 주세요.
• Give me one apple. 
• 저는 아이들이 세 명 있어요.
• I have three children.

• Korean number + 시 (o'clock)    
• 한 시
• one o'clock  
• 열 시
• ten o'clock    

• Chinese number + 분 (minutes)    
• 사십 분
• fourty minutes  
• 삼십 분
• thirty minutes     

• 한 시 반에 만납시다.
• Let's meet at 1:30. ('반' is used often as thirty minutes) 

• 수업이 열 시 오 분에 끝났어요.
• The class ended at 10:05.

(1) When verbs ending with '으' meet the vowel, '으' is omitted. Most verbs ending in a final vowel '으' of the stem are irregular.   

• 쓰(다) + -어요 : ㅆ+ㅓ요 => 써요:
• to write,to use,to be bitter,to put on(a hat)  

• 크(다) + -어요 : ㅋ + ㅓ요 => 커요 :
• to be tall 

• 뜨(다) :
• to rise 

• 끄(다) :
• to turn off    

• 저는 편지를 써요.
• I am writing a letter .  

• 편지를 썼어요.
• I wrote a letter.    
•              
• 편지를 써야 해요.
• I have to write  a letter.
•  
• 동생은 키가 커요.
• My brother is tall

(2) '-아요' is used if the vowel before '으' is 'ㅏ' or 'ㅗ', '-어요' is used if the vowel before '으' is other vowel except '아' and '오'.

-으 irregular verbs + '-아요'   

• 바쁘(다) + -아요 :바ㅃ + ㅏ요 => 바빠요 :
• To be busy

• 배가 고프(다) :
• to be hungry

• 나쁘(다)
• :to be bad

• 잠그(다) :
• to lock

• 아프(다) :
• to be painful
•     
• 저는 오늘 바빠요.
• Today I am busy. 

• 오늘 아침에 바빴어요.
• I was busy this morning. 

• 바빠서 못 갔어요.
• Because I was busy, I couldn't go.

으 irregular verbs + '-어요'   

• 예쁘(다) + -어요 :예ㅃ ㅓ요 => 예뻐요
• (To be pretty)

• 슬프(다) :슬ㅍ ㅓ요 => 슬프다
• (to be sad)

• 기쁘(다) :
• to be happy

• 슬프(다) :
• to be sad

• 0 영
• 1 일
• 2 이
• 3 삼
• 4 사
• 5 오
• 6 육
• 7 칠
• 8 팔
• 9 구
• 10   십
• 11   십일
• 12   십이
• 13   십삼
• 14   십사
• 15   십오
• 16   십육
• 17   십칠
• 18   십팔
• 19   십구
• 20   이십
• 30   삼십
• 40   사십
• 50   오십
• 60   육십
• 70   칠십
• 80   팔십
• 90   구십
• 100   백
• 200   이백
• 1000    천
• 2000    이천
• 3000    삼천
• 10000    만
• 20000    이만
• 100000    십만
• 1000000    백만
• 10000000    천만
• 100000000    억

• 0   영/공
• 1   하나(한)
• 2   둘(두)
• 3   셋(세)
• 4   넷(네)
• 5   다섯
• 6   여섯
• 7   일곱
• 8   여덟
• 9   아홉
• 10   열
• 11   열하나(열한)
• 12   열둘(둘두)
• 13   열셋(열세)
• 14   열넷(열네)
• 15   열다섯
• 16   열여섯
• 17   열일곱
• 18   열여덟
• 19   열아홉
• 20   스물
• 24   스물넷
• 30   서른
• 36   서른여섯
• 40   마흔
• 47   마흔일곱
• 50   쉰
• 53   쉰셋
• 60   예순
• 66   예순여섯
• 70   일흔
• 72   일흔둘
• 80   여든
• 81   여든하나
• 90   아흔
• 98   아흔여덟
• 100   백    
• 200   이백

• 노란색   yellow
• 파란색   blue
• 빨간색   red
• 초록색   green
• 흰색   white
• 검은색   black
• 보라색   purple

• 십원:
• 10

• 오십원:
• 50

• 백원:
• 100

• 오백원:
• 500

• 천원:
• 1000

• 오천원:
• 5000

• 만원:    
• 10000