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Nutrition requires
- getting nutrients: musculo-skeletal
- digesting nutrients: digestive
- transporting nutrients: circulatory
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alimentary canal
gastrointestinal tract
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Hollow organs of digestive system
- mouth
- pharynx
- esophagus
- stomach
- small intestine
- largieintestine
- rectum
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accessory organs
- aid digestion
- teeth
- tongue
- salivary glands
- liver
- gallbladder
- pancreas
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digestive system functions
- move food: swallow
- digest food: produce chemicals for digestion
- absorption: get nutrients into the blood
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Peritoneum parts
- parietal peritoneum
- visceral peritoneum
- retroperitoneal
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Mesenteries meaning
double layers of visceral peritoneum extending between organs and to the abdominal wall.
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Lesser omentum
- messentery
- liver to stomach
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greater omentum
- mesentary
- inferior from stomach
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mesentary proper
- mesentary
- small intestine to small intestine
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mesocolon
- mesentary
- large intestine to large intestine
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falciform ligament
- mesentary
- whithin liver and from liver to diaphragm
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Buccal cavity
oral cavity
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soft palate
part of the oral cavity
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labial frenulum
connects lip to gum
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uvula
prevents food from going to nasal cavity
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lingual frenulum
connects to floor of mouth
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tongue tied
short lingual frenulum
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decidious (milk) teeth
primary dentition (20 teeth)
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adult teeth
permanent dentition (32 teeth)
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enamel
- part of the crown
- hard mineral crystals
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where in the tooth are nerves and blood vessels
root canal + pulp cavity
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periodontal ligament
anchors into bone
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saliva content
- mostly water
- salivary amylase
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salivary amylase
- digestive enzymes
- break down starches and carbs
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name salivary glands
- parotid gland
- sublingual gland
- submandibular gland
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pharynx parts
- oropharynx
- laryngopharynx
- pharyngeal constrictor muscles
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layers of alimentary canal
- mucosa
- submucosa
- muscularis externa
- outer covering (serosa, adventitia)
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Mucosa
- mucuous membrane
- epithelium + connective tissue
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epithelium in mucosa
contact lumen
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Esophagus epithelial tissue
stratified squamous epithelium
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Anal canal tissue
stratified squamous epithelium
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Stomach epithelial tissue
simple columnar epithelium
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intestines epithelial tissue
simple columnar epithelium
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connective tissue layer of mucosa
lamina propria
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lamina propria tissue
- loose connective tissue
- contains blood and lymph capillaries
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smooth muscle of mucosa
muscularis mucosae
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Submucosa contents
- areolar; elastic c.t.
- blood, lymph vessels
- nerves
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nerves in submucosa
ANS; enteric nervous system
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Muscularis externa
responsible for peristalsis
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Serosa
outer covering of alimentary canal
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Adventitia
outer covering of alimentary canal
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eosphagus tissue
stratified squamous epithelium
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Esophagus muscls
- skeletal muscle
- smooth muscle
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Esophagus sphincters
- upper esophageal sphincter
- gastroespohageal sphincter
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gatroesophageal sphincter also known as
cadiac sphincter
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GERD
- gastroesophageal reflux disease
- gastroesophageal sphincter doesn't properly close
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Esophageal hiatus
- hole in the diaphragm
- esophagus passes through it
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Hiatal Hernia
upper part of the stomach protrudes through the weakened diaphragm wall.
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Stomach parts
- cardia
- fundus
- body
- pyloric region
- pyloric sphincter
- greater curvature
- lesser curvature
- rugae
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Stomach cardia
- cardiac orifice
- cardiac sphincter
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Gastric pits epithelium
simple columnar epithelium
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gastric gland cells
- chief cells
- pareietal cells
- G cells
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how many layers in mucularis externa
3 layers
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outer layer of stomach
serosa
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stomach tissue parts
- gastric pits
- gastric glands
- muscularis externa
- serosa
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How long is small intestine
8-13 feet long
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Small intestine job
- chemical digestion
- absorption
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chemical digestion in small intestine
- produces enzymes
- receives enzymes from pancreas and liver
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where does most absorption occur
small intestine
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duodenum
1st 10 inches of small intestine
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jejunum
proximal 1/2 of small intestine
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ileum
distal 1/2 of the small intestine
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Duodenal papilla
part of the small intestine
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hepatopancreatic ampulla
- part of the small intestine
- secretions from pancreas and liver
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ileocecal valve
- part of small intestine
- connect to large intestine (cecum)
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Plicae circulares
- circular folds of entire wall to increase absorption
- small intestine
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villi
- smaller folds of plicae
- increases absorption
- small intestine
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microvilli
- folds of cell membrane
- small intestine
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mucosa w/villi
- simple columnar epithelium w/ microvilli
- absorbs digested nutrients
- produces enzymes
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goblet cells
produce mucus
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lamina propria
areolar ct + capillaries + lacteals
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enteroendocrine cells
produce hormones in intestinal crypts
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submucosa contains
- duodenal glands
- peyer's patches
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duodenal glands
- in submucosa
- aka Brunner's glands
- secrete bicarbonate
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peyer's patches
- in submucosa
- lymphoid nodules
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How many layers of muscularis externa
2 layers
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Large intestine is...
colon
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Large intestine functions
- absorb H2O, vitamins
- produce Vit K, Vit B's
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e. coli
- normal flora in large intestine
- produces Vit K, Vit B's
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Teniae coli
- 3 longitudinal strips of thick muscle
- large intestine
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haustra
- sections along length of colon
- large intestine
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Large intestine parts
- cecum
- colon
- rectum
- anal canal
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Cecum parts
- in large intestine
- ileocecal valve
- appendix
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colon parts
- in large intestine
- ascending colon
- right colic (hepatic) flexure
- transverse colon
- left colic (splenic) flexure
- descending colon
- sigmoid colon
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anal sphincters
in anal canal
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Large intestine epithelium
- simple columnar epithelium
- many goblet cells
- no villi
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rectum tissue
- simple columnar epithelium
- thick longitudinal muscle
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anal canal tissue
stratified squamous epithelium
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Liver lobes
- R&L lobe
- Quadrate lobe
- Caudate lobe
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Liver digestion function
- produces bile salts
- emulsifies fats
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Hilum
- aka porta hepatis
- area where vessels connect to liver
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Porta hepatis parts
- aka hilum
- hepatic portal vein
- hepatic artery
- hepatic ducts
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