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The primary function of serum albumin in the peripheral blood is to:
a. maintain colloidal osmotic pressure
b. increase antibody production
c. increase fibrinogen formation
d. maintain blood viscosity
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In a pleural effusion caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, the protein value of the pleural fluid as compared to the serum value would probably be:
a. Decreased by 2
b. Decreased by ½
c. Increased by ½
d. Equal
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The first step in analyzing a 24-hour urine specimen for quantitative urine protein is:
a. Subculture the urine for bacteria
b. Add the appropriate preservative
c. Screen for albumin using a dipstick
d. Measure the total volume
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When performing a manual protein analysis on a xanthochromic spinal fluid, the technician should:
a. Perform the test as usual
b. Make a patient blank
c. Centrifuge the specimen
d. Dilute the specimen with deionized water
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The direction in which albumin migrates (ie, toward anode or cathode) during electrophoretic separation of serum proteins, at pH 8.6, is determined by:
a. The ionization of the amine groups, yielding a net positive charge
b. The ionization of the carboxyl groups, yielding a net negative charge
c. Albumin acting as a zwitterion
d. The density of the gel layer
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The protein that has the highest dye-binding capacity is:
a. Albumin
b. Alpha globulin
c. Beta globulin
d. Gamma globulin
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Refer to the following illustration:
The serum protein electrophoresis pattern shown below was obtained on cellular acetate at pH 8.6.
Identify the serum protein fraction on the left of the illustration.
a. Gamma globulin
b. Albumin
c. Alpha-1 globulin
d. Alpha-2 globulin
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The biuret reaction for the analysis of serum protein depends on the number of:
a. Free amino groups
b. Free carboxyl groups
c. Peptide bonds
d. Tyrosine residues
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In electrophoresis of proteins, when the sample is placed in an electric field connected to a buffer of pH 8.6, all of the proteins:
a. Have a positive charge
b. Have a negative charge
c. Are electrically neutral
d. Migrate toward the cathode
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The relative migration rate of proteins on cellulose acetate is based on:
a. Molecular weight
b. Concentration
c. Ionic charge
d. Particle size
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The cellulose acetate electrophoresis at pH 8.6 of serum proteins will show an order of migration beginning with the fastest migration as follows:
a. Albumin, alpha-1 globulin, alpha-2 globulin, beta globulin, gamma globulin
b. Alpha-1 globulin, alpha-2 globulin, beta globulin, gamma globulin, albumin
c. Albumin, alpha-2 globulin, alpha-1 globulin, beta globulin, gamma globulin
d. Gamma globulin, beta globulin, alpha-2 globulin, alpha-1 globulin, albumin
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Which of the following amino acids is associated with sulfhydryl group?
a. Cysteine
b. Glycine
c. Serine
d. Tyrosine
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Maple syrup urine disease is characterized by an increase in which of the following urinary amino acids?
a. Phenylalanine
b. Tyrosine
c. Valine, leucine and isoleucine
d. Cystine and cysteine
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Increased serum albumin concentrations are seen in which of the following conditions?
a. Nephritic syndrome
b. Acute hepatitis
c. Chronic inflammation
d. Dehydration
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The following data was obtained from a cellulose acetate protein electrophoresis scan:
Albumin area: 75 units
Gamma globulin area: 30 units
Total area: 180 units
Total protein: 6.5 g/dL (65 g/L)
The gamma globulin content in g/dL is:
a. 1.1 g/dL (11 g/L)
b. 2.7 g/dL (27 g/L)
c. 3.8 g/dL (38 g/L)
d. 4.9 g/dL (49 g/L)
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A patient is admitted with biliary cirrhosis. If a serum protein electrophoresis is performed, which of the following globulin fractions will be most elevated?
a. Alpha-1
b. Alpha-2
c. Beta
d. Gamma
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Which of the following serum protein fractions is most likely to be elevated in patients with nephritic syndrome?
a. Alpha-1 globulin
b. Albumin
c. Alpha-2 globulin
d. Beta globulin and gamma globulin
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89. Refer to following illustration:
Patient values References values
Total protein 7.3 g/dL (73 g/L) 6.0-8.0 g/dL (60-80 g/L)
albumin 4.2 g/dL (42 g/L) 3.6-5.2 g/dL (36-52 g/L)
Alpha-1 0.0 g/dL (0 g/L) 0.1-0.4 g/dL (1-4 g/L)
Alpha-2 0.9 g/dL (9 g/L) 0.4-1.0 g/dL (4-10 g/L)
Beta 0.8 g/dL (8 g/L) 0.5-1.2 g/dL (5-12 g/L)
gamma 1.4 g/dL (14 g/L) 0.6-1.6 g/dL (6-16 g/L)
This electrophoresis pattern is consistent with:
a. Cirrhosis
b. Monoclonal gammopathy
c. Polyclonal gammopathy (eg, chronic inflammation)
d. Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency; severe emphysema
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90. Refer to following illustration:
Patient values References values
Total protein 8.9 g/dL (89 g/L) 6.0-8.0 g/dL (60-80 g/L)
albumin 4.8 g/dL (48 g/L) 3.6-5.2 g/dL (36-52 g/L)
Alpha-1 0.3 g/dL (3 g/L) 0.1-0.4 g/dL (1-4 g/L)
Alpha-2 0.7 g/dL (7 g/L) 0.4-1.0 g/dL (4-10 g/L)
Beta 0.8 g/dL (8 g/L) 0.5-1.2 g/dL (5-12 g/L)
gamma 2.3 g/dL (23 g/L) 0.6-1.6 g/dL (6-16 g/L)
The serum electrophoresis pattern is consistent with:
a. Cirrhosis
b. Acute inflammation
c. Monoclonal gammopathy
d. Polyclonal gammopathy (eg, chronic inflammation)
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Refer to following illustration:
Patient values References values
Total protein 6.1 g/dL (61 g/L) 6.0-8.0 g/dL (60-80 g/L)
albumin 2.3 g/dL (23 g/L) 3.6-5.2 g/dL (36-52 g/L)
Alpha-1 0.2 g/dL (2 g/L) 0.1-0.4 g/dL (1-4 g/L)
Alpha-2 0.5 g/dL (5 g/L) 0.4-1.0 g/dL (4-10 g/L)
Beta 1.2 g/dL (12 g/L) 0.5-1.2 g/dL (5-12 g/L)
gamma 1.9 g/dL (19 g/L) 0.6-1.6 g/dL (6-16 g/L)
This pattern is consistent with:
a. Cirrhosis
b. Monoclonal gammopathy
c. Polyclonal gammopathy (eg, chronic inflammation)
d. Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency; severe emphysema
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A characteristic of the Bence Jones protein that is used to distinguish it from other urinary proteins is its solubility:
a. In ammonium sulfate
b. In sulfuric acid
c. At 40oC-60oC
d. At 100oC
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The electrophoretic pattern of plasma sample as compared to a serum sample shows a:
a. Broad prealbumin peak
b. Sharp fibrinogen peak
c. Diffuse pattern because of the presence of anticoagulants
d. Decreased globulin fraction
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At a pH of 8.6 the gamma globulins move toward the cathode, despite the fact that they are negatively. What is this phenomenon called?
a. Reverse migration
b. Molecular sieve
c. Endosmosis
d. Migratory factor
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