-
Brachioradialis
O: Proximal 2/3 of supracondylar ridge of humerus
F.D:
I: Lateral surface of distal end of radius
- A: Weak flexion of the elbow, maximal in
- mid-pronation
N: Radial nerve
S:
-
Cubital Fossa
Borders
- Superior- Line connecting medial and lateral epicondyles of humerus
- Medial-
Pronator Teres- Lateral
- Brachioradialis - Floor
- Brachailis Muscle - Roof -
Bicipital Aponeurosis- Contents
-Median Nerve , Biceps Brachii- tendon , Brachial Artery
-
Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus ( ECRL)
O:Lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus
FD:
I: Dorsal aspect of base of 2nd metacarpal
A: Extend and abduct hand at wrist joint; ECRL active during fist clenching
N: Radial nerve
S:
-
Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis (ECRB)
- O:Lateral epicondyle of humerus
- (common extensor origin)
F.D:
I: Dorsal aspect of base of 3rd metacarpal
A:Extend and abduct hand at wrist joint; ECRL active during fist clenching
N: Deep branch of Radial nerve
- S:
-
Extensor Digitorum
- O: Lateral epicondyle of humerus
- (common extensor origin)
- F.D:
- I:
Extensor expansions of medial four digits
A:Extend medial 4 digits primarily at MCP joints; secondarily at IP joints
N: Deep branch of Radial nerve
S:
-
Extensor Digiti Minimi
- O: Lateral epicondyle of humerus
- (common extensor origin)
F.D:
I:Extensor expansion of 5th digit
A: Extends 5th digit at MCP joint; secondarily at IP joints
N: Deep branch of Radial nerve
S:
-
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
- O: Lateral epicondyle of humerus;
- posterior border of ulna via a shared aponeurosis
F.D:
I:Dorsal aspect of base of 5th metacarpal
A: Extends and adducts hand at wrist (active during fist clenching)
N: Deep branch of Radial nerve
S:
-
Supinator
- O: Lateral epicondyle of humerus;
- radial collateral and annular ligament, supinator fossa on the ulna and crest
- of ulna
F.D: Inferio-medial
I: Lateral, posterior and anterior surfaces of proximal 1/3 of radius
- A: Supinates forearm; rotates radius to turn palm anterior or superior (if elbow
- flexed)
N:Deep branch of radial nerve
S:
-
Posterior forearm Muscles Diagram
-
Carpal Tunnel
Borders
Palmer: Flexor retinaculum (transverse carpal ligament)
Dorsal: Proximal and distal row of carpals
- Contents
- Median nerve, Tendons of FDS and FDP,
- Tendon of FPL
-
-
Oppenens Pollicis
O: Flexor retinaculum and tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium
I:Lateral side of 1st metacarpal
A:Oppose thumb
- N:Recurrent branch of median nerve
-
Abductor Pollicis Brevis
O:Flexor retinaculum and tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium
I:Lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb
A:Abducts thumb; helps oppose it
N:Recurrent branch of median nerve
-
Flexor Pollicis Brevis
O: Flexor retinaculum and tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium
I: Lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb
- A: Superficial head – Flexes thumb
- Deep head – Adducts thumb
- N:Recurrent branch of median nerve /Deep branch of ulnar nerve
-
Adductor Pollicis
- O: Oblique head – base of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals, capitate and adjacent carpals
- Transverse head – anterior surface of shaft of 3rd metacarpal
I:Medial side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb
A: Adducts thumb toward lateral border of palm
N:Deep branch of ulnar nerve
-
Abductor Digiti Minimi
O: Pisiform
I:Medial side of base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit
A:Abducts 5th digit; assists in flexion of it’s PIP
- N:Deep branch of ulnar nerve
-
Flexor Digiti Mini Brevis
O:Hook of hamate and flexor retinaculum
I:Medial side of base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit
A:Flexes proximal phalanx of 5th digit
N:Deep branch of ulnar nerve
-
Opponens Digiti Minimi
O: Hook of hamate and flexor retinaculum
I: Medial border of 5th metacarpal
A:Draws 5th metacarpal anterior and rotates it, bringing 5th digit into opposition to thumb
N:Deep branch of ulnar nerve
-
Palmaris Brevis
O: Medial border of the palmer aponeurosis
F.D: Medial
I: Skin on medial border of hand
- A: Wrinkles the skin of the hypothenar
- eminence
S:Protects the ulnar nerve and artery
- N:Ulnar nerve
-
Lumbricals 1 & 2
O: Lateral two tendons of flexor digitorum profundus (as unipennate muscles)
F.D:
I: Lateral sides of extensor expansions of 2nd to 5th digits
A: Flex MCP joints; extend IP joints of 2nd to 5th digits
N: Median nerve
S:
-
Lumbricals 3 & 4
O:Medial three tendons of flexor digitorum profundus (as bipennate muscles)
- F.D:
-
- I: Lateral sides of extensor expansions of 2nd to 5th digits
A: Flex MCP joints; extend IP joints of 2nd to 5th digits
N: Deep branch of Ulnar nerve
S:
-
Palmer Interossei 1st - 3rd
O:Palmar surfaces of 2nd, 4th and 5th metacarpals (as unipennate muscles)
F.D:
I: Bases of proximal phalanges; extensor expansions of 2nd, 4th and 5th digits
A: Adducts 2nd, 4th and 5th digits toward axial line; assist lumbricals in flexing MCP joints and extending IP joints
N:Deep branch of Ulnar nerve
- S:
-
Dorsal Interossei 1st-4th
O: Adjacent sides of two metacarpals (as bipennate muscles)
F.D:
I: Bases of proximal phalanges; extensor expansions of 2nd – 4th digits
A: Abducts 2nd – 4th digits from axial line; act with lumbricals in flexing MCP joints and extending IP joints.
N:Deep branch of ulnar nerve
S:
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