Joint Review Commision on Education in Radiologic Technology
What organization does JRCERT adopt the Pharmacology curriculum from?
ASRT
Outlines the practice of Medical Imaging in clinical, quality and professional performance. Defines practice and establishes general criteria to determine compliance.
Standard of Care
Is the failure to do something that a resonable pereson would do in a certain situation.
Medical Negligence
The breach of duty to adhere to a standard of care.
Medical Malpractice
Is anything that is a hindrance, or puts individuals at a disadvantage.
Liability
HIPAA
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
List the steps in the nursing process and what actions are performed in each step.
Assessment - Collecting data (objective and subjective)
Diagnosis - Conclusion of the patient's condition
Planning - Written out steps
Implementation - Puts plan into action
Evaluation - What happens after implementation
What is Subjective data?
Information you get from the patient, Cannot be observed, measured, or varified. This information is subject to change.
What is Objective data?
Measurable, cold hard facts. Vital Signs.
What are the 6 Rights of Drug Administration?
1. The right drug
2. The right time
3. The right dose
4. The right patient
5. The right route
6. The right documentation
How can you increase your patient's understanding of information you may give them?
Use a combination of ways of teaching. Example: Audiovisual
Set by ASRT and adopted by JRCERT. Met by all imaging professionals practicing.
Educational Standard
Defines the Scope of Practice.
Professional Standard
Individuals with low literacy levels tend to have lower health.
Health Disparity
The ability to understand information regarding health.
Health Literacy
The study of drugs in living systems.
Pharmacology
What the body does to the drug.
Pharmacokinetics
What the drug does to the body.
Pharmacodynamics
The use of drugs and treatment of disease.
Pharmacotheraputics
Most common, same in all countries, first letter is lowercase.
Generic Name
"Band name," specific to drug manufacturer, first letter uppercase.
Trade name
Name made of chemicals that comprise the drug, long name.
Chemical Name
Name given by FDA, same as generic.
Offical Name
True of False: Contrast Media does NOT need a prescription.
FALSE
Drug administered until discontinued
Standing Order
1 time order given immidiately.
STAT Order
1 time order given at specific time.
Single Order
As needed basis.
PRN Order
Given within one hour of order.
Now Order
What is a Kardex?
A flip-file card system. Used for easy reference. Thrown away when patient is discharged.
True or False: A Kardex is a legal document?
False
A useful pharmacology reference.
Physicians Desk Reference (PDR)
List the information required in a medication order or prescription.
1. Patient name and address
2. Drug Name
3. Dosage
4. Route
5. Date order was written
6. Prescribers signature
What federal organization serves to keep medications safe for use?
FDA
What are the 3 main druge categories recognized by the federal government?
Controlled substances, prescription, OTC
What types of drugs can bypass a portion of the approbal process of the FDA?
Cancer and AIDS
What are scheduled drugs?
Medications that have high potential for abuse.
List the schedules and give an example of a drug within that schedule.
C-I - Crack Cocaine
C-II - Oxycodone
C-III - Aspirin
C-IV - Chloral Hydrate
C-V - Cough Syrup
What are some concerns with OTC drugs?
They can produce sideffects or interact with prescription drugs.
What is the name of the act that protects workers from needle sticks?
Needle Stick and Precention Act
What is the name of the federal agency that requires hospital to document and record needle stick injuries?
OSHA
Methods for achieving effective drug administration. Dtudy of physical and chemical proerties of drugs and their proper dosage as related to the onset, duration and intensity of drug action.
Biopharmaceutics
Medications given enteral...
Anything given via the GI tract.
Medications given parenteral...
Anything given into the skin or via injection.
Medications given percutaneous...
Medications absorbed through the skin.
Disintegration of a drug.
Breaking up of a solid tablet or capsule
Dissolution of a drug.
Dissolving of a solid into a solution.
What are the 4 steps of Pharmacokinetics?
1. Absorption - the way the drug enters the body.
2. Distribution - the way the drug moves through the body.
3. Metabolism -
4. Excretion - process by which inactive chemicals are removed from the body.
Name 2 factors that affect the disribution process.
Blood flow and cardiac output
The drug being completely broken down until chemically inactive.
Biotransformation
First time drug passes through the liver.
First time
What is the main organ of metabolism?
Liver
Name 2 major routes of drug excretion.
GI tract, Urinary System, Exhaling
How ling it takes for the body to metabolize and excrete a drug to half of original intensity.
Half Life
One drug changes the action of another drug.
Drug-to-Drug Interactions
Two drugs are given together and the action is equal to most active drug.
Additive Effect
One drug interfers with another.
Antagonist Drug
One drug replaces the other.
Displacement
Two drugs mixed together, that once mixed cannot be administered.
Incompatibility Drug
One manufactor makes drug, after a while someone else wants to make the drug.
Bioequivalence
Drugs are identical with actice ingredients.
Generic Equivalents
Medicine that does not fall within the realm of conventional medicine. Replaces traditional medicine or treatments.
Alternative Medicine
Using both traditional and alternative treatments together.
Complimentary
Pro/Cons for herbal supplements
Pros: inexpensive, readilly available, may produce desired outcome.
Cons: Not regualted by FDA, dosage difference, may not produce desired outcome.
List two specific considerations in giving medications to a pediatric patient.
1. Slow metabolism.
2. Very ill children are at a greater risk of adverse reactions.
List two specific considerations in giving medications to a geriatric patient.
1. Absorption is delayed.
2. Slow metabolism.
List two specific considerations in giving medications to a pregnant/breastfeeding patient.
1. Whatever they take in can effect the fetus or newborn.
2. Teratogenic drugs can casue malformations or damage to an embryo or fetus.
List two specific considerations when providing care to populations of different cultures.
1. Must take religions into account when treating patient.
2. ???
What is the most common rule used to calculate medication dosage for children?
