THE SCIENCES UNIT 1-3

TOOL FOR UNDERSTANDING OUR PHYSICAL WORLD AND BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT

A CONTINUOUS PROCESS BY WHICH PEOPLE LEARN ABOUT THE PHYSICAL UNIVERSE & SHARE THE KNOWLEDGE WITH OTHERS

FOMAL IDEA BASED ON MANY OBSERVATIONS, EXPERIMENTS, AND TESTS

THE STUDY OF MOTION AND MATTER THROUGH TIME AND SPACE

FORCE AND ENERGY

MOTIONS OF MATERIAL OBJECTS

PREDICT BEHAVIOR OF OBJECTS ON EARTH AND SPACE

SPEED = VELOCITY = D/T

A MOVING OBJECT WILL CONTINUE MOVING IN A STRAIGHT LINE AND AT A CONSTANT SPEED AND A STATIONARY OBJECT WILL REMAIN AT REST, UNLESS ACTED ON BY AN UNBALANCED FORCE

• THE ACCELERATION PRODUCED ON A BODY BY A FORCE IS PROPORTIONAL TO THE MAGNITUDE OF THE FORCE AND INVERSLY PROPORTIONAL TO THE MASS OF THE OBJECT
• F=MXA

FOR EVERY ACTION THERE IS AN EQUAL AND OPPOSITE REACTION

F_G=G X MASS₁ X MASS₂/DISTANCE²

THE ENERGY POSSESSED BY A OBJECT DUE TO ITS MOTION

THE ENERGY OF AN OBJECT DUE TO ITS POSITION IN SPACE

AN ENERGY THAT CAN BE RELEASED DURING A CHEMICAL REACTION

AN ISOLATED SYSTEM ENERGY CAN BE TRANSFORMED BUT CANNOT BE CREATED OR DESTROYED

• 1. CONDUCTION-METAL
• 2. CONVECTION-WATER
• 3. RADIATION-ELECTRIC HEAT

• ENTROPY OF AN ISOLATED SYSTEM NEVER DECREASES
• -A MEASURE OF DISORDER

• 1. HEAT FLOWS SPONTANEOUSLY FROM HOT TO COLD BUT NOT COLD TO HOT
• 2. YOU CANNOT CREATE AN ENGINE THAT DOES NOTHING BUT CONVERT HEAT TO USEFUL WORK
• 3. EVERY ISOLATED SYSTEM BECOMES MORE DISORDERED WITH TIME

• F_E=K X {(Q₁XQ₂₎/D²}
• F_E=FORCE
• K=GIVEN CONSTANT
• D=DISTANCE
• Q₁=CHARGES
• Q₂=CHARGES

ELECTRONS ARE LOST

ELECTRONS ARE GAINED

• HAS 2 POLES NORTH AND SOUTH, DIPOLE
• ATTRACTION BETWEEN OPPOSITE POLES
• REPULSIVE BETWEEN LIKE POLES

SIMPLE - 1 LOAD ON SINGLE LOOP OF WIRE

SERIES - TWO OR MORE LOADS ARE LINKED ALONG A SINGLE LOOP OF WIRE

PARALLEL - DIFFERENT LOADS ARE SITUATED ON DIFFERENT WIRE LOOPS

MOTIONS OF ELECTRICITY

CHANGING MAGNETIC FIELDS

• 1. COULOMBS LAW: LIKE CHARGES REPEL, UNLIKE ATTRACT
• 2. THERE ARE NO MAGNETIC MONOPOLES IN NATURE
• 3. MAGNETIC PHENOMENA CAN BE PRODUCED BY ELECTRICAL EFFECTS
• ELECTRICAL PHENOMENA CAN BE PRODUCED BY MAGNETIC EFFECTS

WAVELENGTH - DISTANCE BETWEEN CRESTS

FREQUENCY - NUMBER OF WAVE CRESTS THAT GO BY A GIVEN POINT EVERY SECOND

VELOCITY - SPEED AND DIRECTION OF THE WAVE CREST ITSELF

AMPLITUDE IS THE HEIGHT OF THE WAVE CREST ABOVE THE UNDISTURBED POSITION

V = λ X F

• TRANSVERSE
• LONGITUDINAL

MOVING ELECTRICAL CHARGES

CHANGING MAGNETIC FIELDS

• NORTH/SOUTH
• 2 POLES

DOES NOT EXIST

A CONSTANT FOR ALL TYPES OF WAVES

DESCRIBES THE WAY THE FREQUENCY OF A WAVE APPEARS TO CHANGE FROM A MOVING SOURCE

IE  AMBULANCE

WITHOUT TRANSFERRING MASS