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Vascular system functions
- move blood
- control direction of blood flow
- exchange chemicals
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Arteries move
blood away from heart
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veins
move blood toward heart
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blood vessel path
artery - arteriole - capillaries - venule - vein
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Blood vessel wall layers
- tunica interna
- tunica media
- tunica externa
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Tunica interna
- innermost blood vessel wall layer
- simple squamous epithelium
- smooth thin
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endothelium
simple squamous epithelium of blood vessel
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Tunica media
- smooth muscle
- middle layer of vessel wall
- controls direction of blood flow
- vasoconstriction/vasodilation
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elastic c.t.
- in tunica media
- maintains BP; move blood
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Tunica externa
- outermost layer of blood vessel walls
- fibrous c.t.
- prevents rupture
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Artery wall layers
- all three
- tunica interna
- tunica media
- tunica externa
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elastic arteries
- conducting vessels
- have mostly elastic c.t. in tunica media
- moves blood quickly
- includes aorta and major branches
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Muscular arteries
- distributing vessels
- controls direction of blood flow to organs
- tunica media - mostly smooth muscle
- includes most named arteries
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veins
- capacitance vessels
- stores 65% of blood
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Vein walls
- all 3 layers (tunica interna, tunica media, tunica externa)
- Large lumen
- thin walls
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Vein valves
- prevent backflow
- skeletal muscle pump
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Arterioles walls
- only 2 layers (tunica interna + tunica media)
- mostly smooth muscle
- controls blood flow into capillaries
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Venules walls
- only 2 layers (tunica interna + tunica media)
- collects blood from capillaries
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Capillaries
- only 1 layer: tunica interna (endothelium)
- simple squamous epithelium
- area of exchange between blood and tissues
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Capillary beds
network of true capillaries
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Metarteriole
feed into true capillaries
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throughfare channel
collect from true capillaries
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precapillary sphincters
- smooth muscle at root of each capillary
- regulate flow into each true capillary
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Types of capillaries
- contionuous capillary
- fenestrated capillary
- sinusoids
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Continuous capillary
capillary with no pores
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clefts
spaces between cells of capillary
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fenestrated capillary
has pores in cell walls of squamous cells
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fenestrations
- pores in cell walls of squamous cells
- allows greater exchange
- eg. small intestine, kidney
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Sinusoids
- capillaries with very large pores in walls of simple squamous cells
- eg. bone marrow, spleen, liver
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Artery anastomoses
- connections between arteries
- maintains blood supply in case of damage
- most organs; joints
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Vein anastomoses
- connections between veins
- maintains blood drainage from area
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Systemic circulation
- left bentricle > body > right atrium
- heart > body > heart
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Pulmonary circulation
- right ventricle > lungs > left atrium
- heart > lungs > heart
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Detailed pulmonary circulation
- right ventricle
- pulmonary trunk
- R & L pulmonary arteries
- lungs
- pulmonary capillaries
- pulmonary veins
- left atrium
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Aorta
- part of systemic circulation
- ascending aorta
- aortic arch
- thoracic aorta
- abdominal aorta
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Ascending aorta
coronary arteries
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Aortic arch
- brachiocephalic a. (trunk)
- left common carotid a.
- left subclavian a.
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Brachiocephalic trunk
- right common carotid a.
- right suclavian a.
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Superior vena cava
- systemic circulation, venous
- collects blood from above diaphragm
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inferior vena cava
collects blood from below diaphragm
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Inferior vena cava
collects blood from below diaphragm
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Superior vena cava
brachiocephalic v. (R & L)
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Brachiocephalic v.
- internal jugular v. ( head)
- subclavian v. (UE)
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Thoracic aorta
- intercostal a.
- esophegeal a.
- pericardials
- bronchial a. - oxygen to outer lung
- superior phrenic
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intercostal veins
- from thoracic area
- drains into azygos system
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bronchial veins
- veins from thoracic area
- drains into azygos system
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esophageal veins
- veins from thoracic area
- drain into azygos system
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Lumbar veins
- veins from thoracic area
- drains into azygos system
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Azygos system drains into...
SVC
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