Peripheral Nervous System

Portion of the nervous system consisting of nerves and ganglia that lie outside the brain and spinal cord.

glossary 788

Brain and spinal cord

glossary 782

• -make up sensory division of PNS
• -transmit impulses toward the CNS from sensory receptors in the PNS
• -psuedounipolar
• -in ganglia outside of CNS

353

-cause entire muscle (extrafusal fibers) to generate force and resist further stretching

430

-preset the sensitivity of the spindle to stretch

430

-the 12 peripheral nerves that attach directly to the brain

(Names of the nerves are on another card)

worksheet

Remember: "Oh, oh, oh, To Touch And Feel Very Good Velvet, AH!"

• (look these up)
• O
• O
• O
• T
• T
• A
• F
• V
• G
• V
• A
• H

worksheet

• -part of the efferent (motor) division of the PNS
• -motor innervation of smooth and cardiac muscle and glands

worksheet

• sympathetic: fight or flight
• parasympathetic: vegetative function (digestion and resting)

worksheet

   - on tongue - contain taste buds

worksheet

Chemical Senses - Gustation (taste)

-dissolves stimulating (in foods) which bind to the microvilli cell membrane

worksheet

Chemical Senses - Gustation (taste)

•    - It happens through facial and glossopharyngeal nerves
• (you'll probably need to look this one up in the book)

worksheet

Chemical Senses - Gustation (taste)

•    - covers the superior nasal concha and superior part of the nasal septum.
•         -Sniffing draws more air across the olfactory epithelium and intensifies the sense of smell.
•         -psuedostratified columnar epithelium that contain millions of bipolar neurons 

482

Chemical Senses - Olfaction (smell)

    - bipolar neurons; surrounded by columnar supporting cells

482

Chemical Senses - Olfaction (smell)

    - act as the receptive structures for smell by binding odor molecules to receptor proteins located in the plasma membrane of the cilia.

482

Chemical Senses - Olfaction (smell)

    -penetrates the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone and enter the olfactory bulb of the forebrain.

482

Chemical Senses - Olfaction (smell)

- sebaceous gland embedded in the tarsal plates; releases an oil that lubricates the surface of the eye.

483

Vision and the Eye

- lifter of the upper eyelid; skeletal muscles that voluntarily opens the eye.

483

Vision and the Eye

• - the visible, colored part of the eye
• - lies between the cornea and lens

488

Vision and the Eye

• - is a photoreceptor cell; sensitive to light and permits vision in dim light.
• - black and white only

489

Vision and the Eye

• - is a photoreceptor cell
• -operate in bright light and enable high-acuity color vision
• -sensitive to blue, red, and green light

489

Vision and the Eye

- yellow spot; lies at the eye's posterior pole

490

Vision and the Eye

- central pit of the macula lutea; contains cones and provides visual acuity; anterior-posterior axis of the eye

490

Vision and the Eye

- thick, transparent, biconvex disc that changes shape to allow focusing of light on the retina

491

Vision and the Eye

- thin, flat sphincter muscle of eyelid; surrounds rim of the orbit.

275

Vision and the Eye

• Optic Vesicles- paired lateral outgrowths protrude from the diencephalon--week 4
• Optic Cups- hollow vesicles indent to form double-layered optic cups--week 4
• Optic Stalks- proximal part of the outgrowths; form basis of the optic nerves
• Lens Placode-

496

paired lateral outgrowths protrude from the diencephalon--week 4

496

Development of the Eye

hollow vesicles indent to form double-layered optic cups--week 4

496

Development of the Eye

proximal part of the outgrowths; form basis of the optic nerves

496

Development of the Eye

Thickened portion of the ectoderm which serves as the precursor to the lens--week 5

496/worksheet

Development of the Eye

Pinches off into the optic cup, where it becomes the lens--week 5

496

Development of the Eye

Nearsightedness, image focused in front of the retina-distant objects are blurry.

worksheet

Disorders

Farsightedness, image focused behind retina-close objects appear blurry.

worksheet

Disorders

Forms the eardrum, between outer and inner ear.

worksheet/497

Ear, Hearing, and Equilibrium

Provide information about orientation to the brain to help maintain balance.

worksheet/503

Ear, Hearing, and Equilibrium

Produces nerve impulses in response to sound vibrations

worksheet/500

Ear, Hearing, and Equilibrium

Chamber or channel communicating with or opening into another.

worksheet/502

Ear, Hearing, and Equilibrium

Links the middle ear to the pharynx.

499

Ear, Hearing, and Equilibrium

look in book

Internal water; clear fluid

500

Hearing

Surrounding water; clear fluid

500

Hearing

• -measures the position and movement of the head to create balance
• -occurs within the vestibule and the semicircular canals
• -transmits through the vestibular nerve to the lower brain centers (not the cerebral cortex)

worksheet

487

501

485

498

443