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How are spores produced in fungi?
Asexually (mitosis) or sexually (meiosis)
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Which type of reproduction is prevalent in fungi?
Asexual
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How do fungi eat?
They are heterotrophs. They use absorptive modes of digestion
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How are fungal life cycles?
Most have haploid life cycle and a few have alterations of generations
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How are new individuals form with fungi?
Haploid spores
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How are the 3 body types of a fungi?
Unicellular (yeast); filamentous, multicellular
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What is a hypha (pl. hyphae)
One filamentous thread of cells joined end to end. All he hyphae are called a mycelium.
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What are fungal cell walls composed of?
Chitin- a polysaccharide wall
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What are septae (sing. Septum)
They are junction between individual cells in the hyphae
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Why are septae special?
They allow for communication and movement of materials between cells
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What happens in the fungi with no septae
The hyphae are then long strands with multiple nuclei and no separation between cells- aseptate of coenocytic
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What happens when he fungi releases digestive enzymes?
They absorb the materials that are broken down by diffusion. Fungi are absorptive heterotrophs.
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In fungi, there is no such thing as
Male or female; 1 to hundreds of sexes
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How is compatibility of individuals determined?
They are determined by several loci, each with several alleles. MAT loci, 1 to hundreds of sexes
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What is the fungi that threatens frogs and other amphibians?
Batrachochytrium dendobatidis
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How are spores with no flagella dispersed?
Through the air (association with terrestrial evolution)
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What is the white fuzz on strawberries called?
Rhizopus
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What is tempeh
Soybeans fermented with rhizopous oligosporus
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What is zygomycosis?
Infection that can enter through wounds and invade blood tissue; associated with untreated diabetes, extreme malnourishment, and burns; These can be worst fungal infections possible and can lead to death because of the difficulty in treating them.
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Brief overview on glomeromycetes
No sexual reproduction known, obligate plant simbionts (aruscular mycorrhizae); large multinucleate asexual spores with layered walls.
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What is the hypothesis of glomeromycete fungi and origin of mycorrhizae in regards to land evolution in plants?
It may be that plants were only able to colonize land because of evolution of fungi and mycorrhizae.
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How do yeast primarily reproduce?
Budding
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Which fungi reproduce asexually
Conidophores
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What is lichen morphology? What are 3 types?
A controlled parasitism between ascomycetes and algea.
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How are ascomytes important in food industry?
Morels and trffles
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How are fungi important in medicine
Antibiotics (i.e. penicillin)
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What are dermatophytes
Fungi that infect human skin
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What is a difference in basidiomycete life cycle from ascomycete?
They lived in dikaryon stage longer and uncommonly participated in asexual reproduction.
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What are mushrooms
Basidiocarps
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What is so special about basidiomycetes?
Many are saporophytes that can break down wood, they are some of the only organisms that are able to do this
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How is the mycorrhizae relationship between plants and ectomycorrhiae?
They coat the surface and grow between the cells of roots
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What is the worlds largest eukaryotic organism
A basidiomycete, 150k square meters
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