regulatory agencies created to act in the public interest instead advances the commercial or special interests that dominate the industry or sector it is  charged with regulating and become more closely identified with their regulated industries
The iron triangle within U.S. politics consists of...
congressional standing committees, organized interest groups and bureaucracies
Iron triangles are a three-way alliance to make...
public policy that benefits their respective interests.
Iron Triangle
funding and political support
1. Interest Groups to Congress
2. Congress to Bureaucracy
3. Interest Groups to Bureaucracy
2. Congress to Bureaucracy
Iron Triangle
friendly legislation and oversight
1. Interest Groups to Congress
2. Bureaucracy to Congress
3. Congress to Interest Groups
3. Congress to Interest Groups
Iron Triangle
low regulation, special favors
1. Bureaucracy to Interest Groups
2. Congress to Interest Groups
3. Interest Groups to Bureaucracy
1. Bureaucracy to Interest Groups
Iron Triangle
congressional support via lobbying
1. Congress to Bureaucracy
2. Bureaucracy to Interest Groups
3. Interest Groups to Bureaucracy
3. Interest Groups to Bureaucracy
Iron Triangle
electoral support
1. Bureaucracy to Congress
2. Interest Groups to Congress
3. Interest Groups to Bureaucracy
2. Interest Groups to Congress
Iron Triangle
policy choices and execution
1. Bureaucracy to Congress
2. Bureaucracy to Interest Groups
3. Congress to Bureaucracy
1. Bureaucracy to Congress
cabinet
The group of 15 executive department heads who implement the president’s agenda in their respective positions.
oversight
Congressional efforts to make sure that laws are implemented correctly by the bureaucracy after they have been passed.
Which of the following is not an example of congressional control of bureaucracy?
1. oversight conducted through investigations, hearings, and review by the General Accountability Office to ensure that laws are implemented correctly
2. Hiring employees under Schedule C rules without the protection of civil service
3. Congressional control of the bureaucracy includes the establishment and termination of agencies and departments; also the budget process
4. The ultimate control is in the hands of Congress because Congress controls the purse strings; Senate confirmation of heads of bureaucracy
2. This is true for the Presidential Control of Bureaucracy
Congressional Control of Bureaucracy
The House of Representatives confirms the heads of bureaucracies. True / False
False
Senate does this.
Congressional Control of Bureaucracy
Congressional control of the bureaucracy includes the establishment and termination of agencies and departments. To either give them more money or cut their budget and or staff. True / False
True
Presidential Control of Bureaucracy
Power of appointment
is confirmed by the Senate
Presidential Control of Bureaucracy
Power of re-organization and budgeting
The President has the power to take agencies and combine them
Presidential Control of Bureaucracy
Mobilizing Public Opinion
The President's unlimited ability to access the media to promote support for policies
For example, President Obama traveled throughout the country to promote healthcare reform.
Presidential Control of Bureaucracy
Hiring employees under (1)________ _ rules without the protection of (2)_____ _______ - arbitrary dismissal
1. Schedule C
2. civil service
The (1)__________ Presidents are most known for hiring employees under the (2)________ _ _____.
1. Republican
2. Schedule C rules
The movement of individuals from government positions to jobs with lobbyists/organized interest groups is described as...
the revolving door
types of bureaucracies
15 Cabinet departments
Government corporations
Foundations
Independent regulatory agency/commission
types of buraucracies
15 Cabinet departments
agriculture
defense
energy
education
labor
commerce
types of bureaucracies
Government corporations which operate as a...
business enterprise
types of bureaucracies
Government corporations [Business enterprises]
FDIC, USPS, Amtrak, Corporation for Public Broadcasting
types of bureaucracies
Government corporations that are profit-seeking corporation that serves a...
public purpose
types of bureaucracies
Government corporations [profit-seeking Corp. that serves public purpose]
Federal National Mortgage Association [Fannie Mae] & Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation [Freddie Mac]
types of bureaucracies
Foundations...such as...
National Science Foundation
types of bureaucracies...
Foundations are supported financially by...
Congress.
types of bureaucracies
Independent regulatory agency/commission...
There are 150 with single...
functions which are not part of the cabinet
power of bureaucracy [3]
implementation, regulation, adjudication
power of bureaucracy
implementation
the development of procedures and activities to carry out laws passed by Congress
power of bureaucracy
regulation
the development of formal rules for implementation of legislation;
restriction of behaviors/legislative rules that are legally binding as laws passed by Congress
power of bureaucracy
Adjudication
adjudicate: to render a judicial decision;
decision-making about individual cases regarding compliance with laws and regulations;
penalties and corrective actions
bureaucracy is an organization that is a (1)_____, (2)_______, (3)___________ structured administrative organization that carries (4)_______ __________.
1. large
2. complex
3. hierarchically
4. specific functions
bureaucracy mobilizes (1)______ and (2)_______ resources for explicitly defined (3)________/________
1. human
2. material
3. projects/purposes
bureaucracy is staffed by (1)_____ ________ with specified (2)_____ and designated (3)___________
1. career personnel
2. skills
3. responsibilities
bureaucracy is coordinated by a (1)________ of (2)_______
1. hierarchy
2. command
political appointees
People selected by an elected leader, such as the President, to hold a government position.
characteristics of a bureaucracy [6]
hierarchy, specialization, span of control, neutrality, goal orientation, standardization
Which sociologist described bureaucracy as 'a form of social organization with a chain or command, a division of labor, and specification of authority for positions and units by rules and regulation, impersonal in executing tasks, adaptation of structure, authority and rules to the organization's goals and predictability of behavior based on maintenance of records and assurances of rules'?
Max Weber
Max Weber definition of bureaucracy...
What characteristic of bureaucracy is...
'a chain of command'?
hierarchy
Max Weber definition of bureaucracy...
What characteristic of bureaucracy is ...'a division of labor'?
1. heirarchy
2. span of control
3. specialization
4. standardization
3. specialization
Max Weber definition of bureaucracy...
What characteristic of bureaucracy is...'specification of authority for positions and units by rules and regulations'?
1. specialization
2. span of control
3. goal orientation
4. neutrality
2. span of control
Max Weber definition of bureaucracy...
What characteristic of bureaucracy is...'impersonal in executing tasks'?
neutrality
Max Weber definition of bureaucracy...
What characteristic of bureaucracy is...'adaptation of structure, authority and rules to the organization's goals'?
Max Weber definition of bureaucracy...
What characteristic of bureaucracy is...'predictability of behavior based on maintenance of records and assurances of rules'?
