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Functions of the skeletal system:
- 1. Support
- 2. Protection
- 3. Movement
- 4. Mineral homeostasis
- 5. Blood cell production
- 6. Energy Storage
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1. Support
Support of soft tissues and attachment sites for muscles, creating a framework for the body
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2. Protection
Protection from injury afforded to internal organs by bones which overlie and/or surround them
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3. Movement
Movement facilitated since bones provide leverage for muscle contraction
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4. Mineral Homeostasis
Mineral homeostasis particularly of calcium and phosphorus, occurs as minerals are stored in bones and can be mobilized when needed elsewhere in the body
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5. Blood cell production
Blood cell production occurs in the red bone marrow formed in certain bones
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6. Energy storage
Energy storage occurs in the lipids found in yellow bone marrow
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A band of connective tissue that attaches a muscle to a bone is a(n)
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Ligaments attach
BONE to BONE
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Chondroblasts produce
CARTILAGE MATRIX
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The type of cartilage associated with bone function and development is
HYALINE CARTILAGE
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Cartilage Characteristics:
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The proper sequence of events in bone repair is:
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External Callus(look at pg. 191)
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When blood calcium levels are low
osteoblast bone matrix or osteoclasts - hormones control Ca levels calcitonin and parotinum blood target tissue a cell
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Shapes of bones
- Long bones- humerus, ulna, metacarpals, femur, tibia, fibula, metatarsals, and phalanges
- Short bones- carpals and tarsals Sesamoid
- bones- proximal phalanges and patella
- Flat bones- occipital, parietal, frontal, zygomatic, nasal, lacrimal, ribs, sternum, and scapula
- Irregular bones- vertebrae, sacrum, temporal, mandible, maxilla, ethmoid, sphenoid, pelvic, coccyx, and calcaneus
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An example of a Long Bone
Long bones- humerus, ulna, metacarpals, femur, tibia, fibula, metatarsals, and phalanges
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An X-ray determines that Peter fractured the shaft of his humerus. The break is in the _______ of the bone.
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Which of the following membranes covers the surface of a mature bone?
PERIOSTEUM
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Some marrow of long bones is termed "yellow" marrow under normal conditions. The function of yellow marrow is to
ENERGY RESERVE
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Some marrow of long bones is named "red" marrow. The function of red marrow is to
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Collagen and calcium hydroxyapatite are the primary constituents
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The compression (weight-bearing) strength of bone matrix is due to the presence of
CALCIUM
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Bone remodeling and repair
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The cell type that is responsible for maintaining bone once it has been formed is the
OSTEOCYTES
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Which of the following cell types is responsible for breaking down bone matrix?
OSTEOCLASTS
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The primary function of osteoblasts is to
LAY-DOWN MATRIX
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The remodeling of bone tissue is a function of
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Which of the following is correctly matched?
Osteocyte, osteoclast, osteoblast,
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Which of the following is mismatched?
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A passageway connecting neighboring osteocytes
CANALICULI
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Haversian systems
is an OSTEON
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The type of lamellae found in osteons is
CONCENTRIC
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You would look for concentric lamellae
OBERSION CANAL
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Intramembraneous ossification (def)
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Arrange the following events in endochonral ossification in proper sequence:
- (1) Cartilage model is formed
- (2) Chondrocytes hypertrophy
- (3) Cartilage matrix is calcified and chondrocytes die.
- (4) Blood vessels from the periosteum invade calcified cartilage bring in osteoblasts and osteoclasts.
- (5) Osteoblasts deposit bone on the surface of the calcified cartilage the primary ossification center
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If an X-ray shows a black area in the region of the epiphyseal plate,
the epiphyseal plate has not completely ossified
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Long bones grow in length at the
rowth in length occurs at epiphyseal plate, involves formation of new cartilage by interstitial cart. growth and appositional growth on surface of cart.
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The longitudinal growth of long bones ceases when
the epiphyseal plate is completely replaced with bone tissue
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