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Fluid
- Moves continuously when you apply a shear
- -flow
- -amorphous
- -no structural strength
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Continuum Assumption
All matter is continuous (made up of many common molecules) such that the molecular nature can be ignored
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When the Continuum Assumption is valid.
Valid for all fluids where a sufficient number of molecules exist to obtain statistical values of fluid properties (pressure, temperature, etc)
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Bulk Modulus of Elasticity
Tells how compressible a fluid is; the bigger the bulk modulus is, the less compressible it is.
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Cavitation
Thermodynamic boiling; decrease pressure and formation of bubbles and then immediate implosion; generally caused by increase in velocity
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Viscosity
Shear stress resistance to deformation; is a function of the rate of deformation
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Newtonian Fluid
If the viscous stresses that arise from its flow, at every point, are proportional to the local strain rate — the rate of change of its deformation over time
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Non-Newtonian Fluid
Properties differ than those of a Newtonian Fluid (shear thinning, shear thickening)
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No Slip Condition
A fluid in contact will a solid surface has the velocity of the surface at the point of contact.
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Surface Tension
Intensity of molecular attraction (energy per area)
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Fluid Statics
Fundamentals: Pressure at a point in a fluid at rest or in motion is independent of direction (as long as no shearing stresses are present)
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Surface Forces
Pressure, Shear Stress, etc.
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Body Forces
Gravity, magnetic, electrical fields
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Buoyancy
Force due to an imbalance in pressure
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Bernoulli Assumptions
- Steady
- Incompressible
- No heat
- Streamlines
- Inviscid
- No Work
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Stagnation Pressure
Pressure if you force the velocity to 0 along a streamline
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When you can assume inviscid
if you are far away from the boundary and not in contact with an object
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