Chapter 4

the process of moving a body part away from the middle

the process of moving a body part toward the middle

the process of moving a body part in a circular motion

the process of bending a body part backward

the process of turning outward

the process of straightening a flexed limb

the process of bending a limb

the process of turning inward

the process of lying prone or face downward; also the process of turning the hand so the palm faces downward

the process of moving a body part forward

the process of moving a body part backward

the process of moving a body part around a central axis

the process of lying supine or face upward; also the process of turning the palm or foot upward

a

dis

hydr

meta

peri

poly

re

sub

sym

tract

acetubul

arthr

acro

humer

ili

sacr

ankyl

burs

inter

carp

cartil

kyph

chondr

lamin

cost

lord

connect

lump

clavicul

mandibul

stern

maxill

menisc

dactyl

femor

myel

fibul

olecran

por

carcin

sarc

chondr

patell

rheumat

ped

scapul

phos

scoli

phor

spin

duct

spondyl

tenon

tibi

uln

vertebr

xiph

chondr/o

cran/i

acr/o

cran/o

arthr/o

dactyl/o

calcan/e

ili/o

coccyg/e

isch/i

coll/a

lumb/o

cost/o

myel/o

oste/o

phalang/e

rach/i

rad/i

radi/o

stern/o

uln/o

verterbr/o

-ar

-age

-plasia

-dynia

-itis

-gen

-omion

-ive

-osis

-ectomy

-algia

-tomy

-centesis

-ic

-scope

-gram

-al

-ion

-ac

-ary

-us

-oma

-poiesis

-blast

-malacia

-penia

-tome

-edema

-graph

-iod

-physis

Abbr.

ACL

Abbr.

AP

Abbr.

BMD

Abbr.

CDH

Abbr.

Ca

Abbr.

DJD

Abbr.

Fx

Abbr.

JRA

Abbr.

jt

Abbr.

KJ

Abbr.

LAC

Abbr.

lig

Abbr.

LLC

Abbr.

LLCC

Abbr.

OA

Abbr.

ORTHO

Abbr.

PCL

Abbr.

PEMFs

Abbr.

PWB

Abbr.

RA

Abbr.

SAC

Abbr.

SLC

Abbr.

SPECT

Abbr.

TMJ

Abbr.

Tx

fractures that do not involve a break in the skin; they are completley internal

fx is thru the skin increasing the possibility of infection or hemorrahge

fx's shatter the affected part into a multitude of bony fragments

fx's break the shaft of a bone across its longitudinal axis

fx's with only 1 side of the shaft broken and the other side bent; usually occurs in children whose long bones have not fully ossified

fx produced by twisting stresses that are spread along the length of a bone

a break in the distal portion of the radius, often the result of reaching out to cushion a fall

fx that occurs at the ankle and affects the tib/fib

releives the swelling, tenderness, redness, and pain of imflammation

steroid substance with potent anti-inflammatory effects

agents that are used in the treatment of arthritis and related d/o's.

drugs that may influence the course of the disease progression

reduces the production of compounds associated with inflammation and pain

drug that seems to slow, if not  halt, the destruction of the joints by disrupting the activity of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)

TNF

colchicine

releive pain w/o causing loss of consciousness

bone markings:

rounded process that enters into the formation of a joint

bone markings:

a ridge on a bone

bone markings:

a slit-like opening between two bones

bone markings:

shallow depression in or on a bone

bone markings:

the rounded end of a bone

bone markings:

a tube-like passage or canal

bone markings:

an enlargement or protrusion of a bone

bone markings:

a pointed, sharp, slender process

bone markings:

a groove, furrow, depression, or fissure

bone markings:

a very large process of the femur

bone markings:

a small, rounded process

bone markings:

a large, rounded process

bone shape:

ribs, scapula, parts of the pelvic girdle, bones of the skull

bone shape:

tibia, femur, humerus, radius

bone shape:

carpal, tarsal

bone shape:

vertebrae, ossicles of the ear

bone shape:

petella

bone shape:

between the flat bones of the skull

the ends of a developing bone

shaft of a long bone

membrane that forms the covering of bones except at their articular surfaces

dense, hard layer of bone tissue

a narrow space or cavity throughtout the length of the diaphysis

tough, connective tissue membrane lining the medullary canal and containing the bone marrow

reticular tissue that makes up most of the volume of bone

6 functions of the bones

hemopoiesis

a joint that does not permit movement; bones are in close contact with e/o & there is no joint cavity

a joint that permits very slight movement

joint that allows free movement in a varitey of direction

a place where two or more bones connect; an articulation

play a role in joining bones together, providing areas for muscle attachments, and serving as a passageway for blood vessels, ligaments, and nerves

cup-shaped socket of the hipbone into which the thighbone fits

a defect in the formation of cartilage at the epiphyses of long bones

inflammation of the joints of the hands or feet

the projection of the spine of the scapula that forms the point of the shoulder and articulates with the clavicle

cond of stiffening of a joint

pain in a joint

inflammation of a joint

surgical puncture of a joint for removal of fluid

surgical repair of a joint

an instrument used to examine the interior of a joint

the sugical process of transferring bone marrow from a donor to a patient

a sm. space between muscles, tendons, and bones that is lined with synovial membrane and contains a fluid (synovia)

inflammation of the bursa

pert. to the heel bone

a mineral that is essential for bone growth, teeth development, blood coagulation, and many other functions

cond caused by compression of the median nerve by the carpal ligament

specialized type of fibrous connective tissue present in adults which forms the major portion of the embryonic skeleton

type of material used to immobilize a bone

pert to cartilage

pert to rib cartilage

pert to the clavicle

pert to the coccyx

pain in the coccyx

fibrous insoluble protein found in the connective tissue, skin, ligaments, and cartilage

connects or binds together

pert to the rib

pert to a rib and the sternum

surgical excision of a portion of the skull

incision into the skull

pert to the finger or toe

dactylogram

displacement of a bone from a joint

pert to the femur; thigh bone

pert to the fibula

the process of holding or fastening in a fixed position; making rigid, immobilizing

an abnormal flatness of the sole and arch of the foot

genu valgum

genu varum

hereditary metabolic disease that is a form of acute arthritis; usually begins in the knee or foot but can affect any joint

the big or great toe

an acquired flexion deformity of the interphalangeal joint

pert to the humerus

cond of fluid in a joint

pert to the ilium and the sacrum

pert to between the ribs

pain to the ischium, hip

kyphosis

surgical excision of the verterbral posterior arch

a band of fibrous connective tissue that connects bones, cartilages, and other structures; also serves as a place for the attachment of the fascia or muscle

abnormal anterior curvature of the spine

pert to the loins

pain the loins

pert to the lower jawbone

pertaining to the upper jawbone

cresent shaped interarticular fibrocartilage found in certain joints, especially the lateral and medial menisci (semilunar cartilages) of the knee

pert to the bones of the hand

surgical excision of one or more bones of the hand

a tumor of the bone marrow

the formation of bone marrow

pert to the elbow

inflammation of the bone and joint

a bone-forming cell

cancerious tumor of a bone; new growth of epithelal tissue

inflammation of the bone and cartilage

formation of bone

softening of the bones

inflammation of the bone marrow

a lack of bone tissue

a cond that results in reduction of bone mass

malignant tumor of the bone; cancer arising from connective tissue

instrument used for cutting bone

pert to patella

pert to the foot

swelling around a bone

pert to the bones of the fingers and the toes

mineral that is essential in the bone formation, muscle contraction, and many other functions

inflammation of more then one joint

instrument used to measure the curvature of the spine

pert to the radius

an x-ray photograph of a body part

manipulative or surgical procedure used to correct a fx or hernia

chronic systemic disease characterized by inflammation of the joints, stiffness, pain, and swelling that results in crippling deformities

dificiency cond in children primarily caused by a lack of vitamin D;   may also result from inadequate intake or exessive loss of calcium

pert to the shoulder blade

per to the spine

appliance use for fixation, support, and rest of an injured body part

inflammation of one or more vertebrae

twisting of a joint that causes pain and disability

a sharp or pointed projection, as on a bone

pert to the sternum

surgical incision of the sternum

pert to beneath the clavicle

pert to beneath the ribs

the lower jaw or mandible

a growing together

chronic cond characterized by pain caused by excessive pronation and supination activites of the forearm; usually caused by strain, as in playing tennis

inflammation of a tendon

the process of drawing or pulling on bones or muscles to relieve displacement and facliitate healing

pert to the elbow

pert to the ulna side of the wrist

pert to a vetebra

pert to a vertebra and the sternum

resembling a sword

there are ___ bones in the body

What 3 components  makes up the framework or skeleton of the body?

There are 2 main groups of bones in the sKeleton.   ____ and ____.

80 bones make up the _____ skeleton.  The primary bones are the ___, ___, ___, and ___.

126 bones make up the _____ skeleton.  The primary bones are the ____, ____, ____, _____, _____, & _____.   (6)

The ____ are the primary organs of the skeletal system.  The are composed 50/50 of ____ and _____.

Name the 13 movements of the diarthrotic joint.

the spinal column is formed in 4 curves....

spinal curves help support the ___ of the body & provide the _____ that is necessary to walk.

the ___ ____ is formed by the sacrum, cocyx, & bones that form the hip and pelvic arch, the ilium, pubis, and ischium

shaped like a funnel, narrow outlet

shaped like a basin, oval to round, wide outlet

most bones are formed by what process

the center longitudinal bone growth in children

3 abnormal curvatures of the spine

abnormal lateral curve of the spine

abnormal anterior curve of the spine

abnormal thoracic curve of the spine

solid matter in bone is a calcified, rigid substance known as _____.

3 joint classifications

an air cavity within certain bones

a diagnostic exam of a joint in which air and then a radiopague contrast medium are infected into the joint space, xrays are taken, & internal injuries of the meniscus, cartilage, and ligaments may be seen if present

the process of examining internal structures of a joint via an arthroscope; usually done after an arthrography and before joint surgery

the measurement of joint movements and angles via a goniometer

a bone scan that uses a low beam of radiation to measure bone-mineral density and bone loss in the lumbar vertebrae; useful in monitoring osetoporosis

the process of recording heat patterns of the body's surface; can be used to investigate the pathophysiology of rheumatoid arthritis

blood test

blood test to determine the level of alkaline phosphatase; increased in osteoblastic bone tumors, rickets, osteomalacia, and during fracture healing

present in a variety of immunologic diseases; positive result may indicate RA

blood test

the Ca level of the blood may be increased in metastatic bone CA, acute osteoporosis, prolonged immobilization, and during fx healing; may be decreased in osteomalacia and rickets

blood test

positive result may indicate RA, acute inflammatory change, and widespread metastastis

blood test

phosphorus level of the blood  may be increased in osteoporosis and fx healing

an immunoglobulin present in the serum of 50 - 95% of adults with RA

blood test

uric acid is increased in gout, arthritis, multiple myeloma, and rheumatism

the cervical spine has ___ vertabrae

the thoracic spine has ____ vertabrae

the lumbar spine has __ vertabrae

bone markings:

an opening in the bone for blood vessels, ligaments, and nerves