-
birds are known for their adaptations for ____ and ___ ___
-
birds are ____ meaning they lay eggs
oviparous
-
the ___ is the space at the base of the mandible housing the nostrils
(shows sexual dimorphism in some species)
cere
-
the ___ is another term for the neck
nape
-
the ___ is close to the body on the wing
carpus
-
the auricular are the feathers that cover the ____ and amplify ____
-
the crop is the ____ area, it holds stones and food and can be used diagnostically
throat
-
feathers are made of ___ just like skin
keratin
-
what are the 4 fx of feathers?
FTCC
- flight
- thermoregulation
- camo
- communication
-
what are the 6 types of feathers?
CSDFBP
- contour
- semiplume
- down
- filoplume
- bristle
- powderdown
-
contour feathers cover the ___ and include ___ feathers of wings and tail, all birds have them
-
remiges are ____ feathers that cover the ____
-
retrices are ____ feathers that cover the ____
-
auriculars are ____ feathers that cover the ____
ear
-
rachis-
main shaft of the feather
-
barbs-
attached to rachis
-
barbules
attached to barbs
-
hooklets
attached to barbules
-
-
uropygial gland
preen gland at base of tail
-
the uropygial gland is more prominent in _____
waterfowl
-
if a bird doesnt have a uropygial gland they have ____ ____ instead
powder down
-
keel
along sternum, provides attachment for pectoral muscles
-
notarium
fusion of 1st thoracic vert.
-
synsacrum
fusion of the caudal thoracic, lumbar, sacral and caudal vert.
-
pygostyle
(aka)
- distal fusion of caudal very.
- tail bone
-
pectoral girdle consists of-
CCS
-
the wing bones-
HRUCMPA
- humerus
- radius
- ulna
- carpals
- metacarpals
- phalanges
- alula
-
hind limb bones-
FTTP
- femur
- tibiotarsus
- tarsometatarsus
- phalanges
-
pneumatic bones-
HFV
- proximal bones
- humerus
- femur
- some vertebrae
-
what 2 bones can u use IO catheters with?
UT
-
if the humerus is short this means their flying distance is ____
the opposite if it is long, they ____
-
the ulna has a ____ diameter than the radius
larger
-
the ____ assists with flexibility and aerodynamics of flight
patagium
-
birds have a ___ chamber heart that is made for rapid ____
-
birds dont have a _____, this means they only have one cavity called the ____
-
the heart of most birds is about ____ times bigger than a mammals in proportion to body mass
1.5-2 x larger
-
misc fact... blood takes ___ seconds to fully circulate in a chicken
6
-
birds do not have ____
lymphnodes
-
what is the RPS?
what does it do?
- renal portal system
- shunt blood from the caudal half of the animal to the kidneys before returning to the heart
-
where should we give IM inj. because of the RPS?
pectorals (so that nephrotoxic drugs dont go straight to the kidneys)
-
avian kidneys produce both ___ and ____
-
____ and ____ are not useful diagnostic tests in the bird unlike mammals
-
____ ____ is the useful test to determine kidney fx, it would be ____ if the kidneys are failing
-
____ is the primary nitrogenous waste in birds
uric acid
-
birds do not have a ___ or ___
-
birds have a ____ optic nerve and a small ___ lobe
-
eyes make up ___% of a birds weight
15%
-
the iris in a bird is a _____ muscle, this allows them to flash
voluntary
-
birds have a well developed ___ eyelid
(ex: waterfowl underwater use this to protect the eyes)
3rd
-
pecten-
pigmented structure that provides nutrients to the vitreous
-
most birds do not have a ___ ___ except nocturnal birds of prey like the owl
tapetum lucidum
-
birds have exceptional ____ vision, and some may be able to see ____ light
-
sclerotic ring-
bones in orbit that support they eye
-
their hearing is similar to ____
mammals
-
these 3 senses may vary
GTO
- gustatory
- tactility
- olfactory
-
birds have an intelligence of a ____ year old
2
-
an owl has a ____ over its ears, these are _____ so they can hear on 2 different planes at once
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