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Rock that has been changed by heat, by pressure, or by both.
Metamorphic Rock
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A process by which rocks are changed from one type into another.
Rock cycle
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The age of something compared with the age of another thing.
relative age
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Hardened tree sap, often a source of insect fossils.
amber
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Rock formed when bits or layer of rocks are cemented together.
sedimentary rock
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Formed or shaped within a mold.
cast
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A fossil created by a print or impression.
imprint
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A naturally occurring substance that is neither plant nor animal.
mineral
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"Fire-made" rock formed from hot, molten rock material.
Igneous rock
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A hollow fossil form clearly showing the outside features of the organism.
Mold
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Soil =
Tiny rocks+minerals+humus+water+air
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Left over decomposed plant and animal matter.
Humus
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The rate at which water can pass through porous material.
permeability
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A large mass of snow and ice that moves over land.
glacier
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A vertical section of soil from the surface down to bedrock.
soil profile
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A layer of soil that is different from the layers above and below it.
Horizon
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A break in Earth's outer layer caused by the movement of rocks.
fault
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A movement or vibration in the Earth.
earthquake
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True or false
All rocks are made of minerals.
True
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True of false
Rocks come in different shapes, colors, and sizes.
True
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True of false
A rock is always made up of just one kind of mineral.
Fales
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True or false
Scientists who study the physical properties of rocks are called geologists.
True
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In what type of rock are most fossils found?
sedimentary rocks
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What part of an animal's body is less likely to become a fossil?
the skin
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What happens when wood or bones become petrified?
The once-living parts are filled in by minerals.
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What are three properties used to identify minerals.
Hardness, streak, and luster.
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The building blocks of rocks are...
minerals
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The way light bounces off minerals is called...
luster
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Words like older, oldest, younger, and youngest are used to describe each rocks'...
relative age
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Sedimentary rocks can help us learn about Earth's past because they may contain fossils and they are laid down in...
Time order
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A word that means "turned to stone" is...
petrified
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A place in which animals got stuck and their bones were preserved as material around them hardened is a...
Tar pit
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Molten material below Earth's surface is called...
Magma
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Energy released as vibrations caused by rocks along fault lines moving and breaking are called...
seismic waves
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The solid rock that makes up Earth's outermost layer is the...
Crust
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The space between soil particles is called...
Pore space
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The layer of rock lying below the crust is the...
mantle
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Glaciers form when...
More snow falls in winter than melts in summer.
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What causes a glacier to move?
The glacier begins to melt and the water runs downhill.
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About how long does it take for one inch of soil to form?
Hundreds to thousands of years.
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In what direction do seismic waves travel?
In all directions.
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An unsorted mixture of rock materials deposited as a glacier melts is called...
Glacial till
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Glaciers have changed the Earth by flattening and rounding the land and creating...
Valleys
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The solid rock layer which is broken apart into small rock pieces and minerals to form soil is called...
Bedrock
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Rich in humus and minerals the top layer of soil is called...
Topsoil
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A liquid layer of Earth lying below the mantle is the
outer core
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A sphere of solid material at Earth's center is the..
Inner core
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Scientists study earthquakes so they can learn about the inside of Earth and to...
Predict when they will happen.
-
Gravel, sand, and clay carried from glaciers by melting water and streams form...
Outwash plains
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The end or outer margin of a glacier is the glacier's...
terminus
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Rock debris carried and deposited by a glacier is called..
moraine
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Isolated boulders left behind by a glacier is called...
Erratics
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Name the 3 main groups of rocks...
- Igneous
- Sedimentary
- Metamorphic
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Name three causes of erosion...
wind, waves, glaciers, running water (rivers, streams), gravity, freezing and thawing, bacteria, fungi, chemical change, plants, animals...
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