radiology

68*F or 20*C

converts latent image to visible image (converts exposed silver halide to elemental silver )

turns to black metallic silver

increase the activity of the developer by causing the emulsion layer to swell and soften

prevent rapid oxidation thats associated with alkaline developers

limits the developing agent to the exposed crystals

used in automatic processors to prevent excessive emulsion swelling

dissolve the chemicals

• to prevent carryover contamination to fixer; developer - alkaline 
• fixer - acid

30 sec in circulating water

film will discolor and darken with exposure to light

removes unexposed silver halide from film, hardens the gelatin coating

the rollers remove excess developer before it reaches the fixer

dissolves and removes unexposed silver halide crystals from the film emulsion layer; changes the apperance of radiograph to clear (trasparent) look except the black metalic silver portions remain the same

prevent decomposition of fixing agent

prevent swelling of emulsion layer and thus shortens drying time  (prevents film from becoming water logged

• neutralize any alkaline developer from developing solution 
•  accelerates the action of other chemicals in the fix solution

chemical compounds used to maintain the desired PH

water-carries the silver halide away from the film

68* F

10 min - rule of thumb is double the developing time ! (5 min )

10 min

to remove all the processing chemicals from film; water temp - 60 -70* F ;time- 30 min with periodic agitation

produces a dry radiograph quickly; and reduces variables