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Acanthocyte (spur cell)
Liver disease, abetalipoproteinemia (states of cholesterol dysregulation)
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Basophilic stippling
Thalassemia, Anemia of chronic disease, Iron deficiency, Lead poisoning
(basophilic stippling represents accumulation of rRNA, e.g. lead denatures ribonuclease)
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Bite cell
G6PD deficiency
Oxidative stress causes Hgb to aggregate and form Heinz bodies --> macrophage tries to "bite" this out resulting in bite cell
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Elliptocyte
Hereditary elliptocytosis
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Macro-ovalocyte
Megaloblastic anemia (also hypersegmented PMNs), marrow failure
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Ringed sideroblasts
Sideroblastic anemia. Excess iron in mitochondria = pathogenic
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Schistocyte, helmet cell
DIC, TTP/HUS, traumatic hemolysis (i.e. metal heart valve prosthesis)
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Sickle cell
Sickle cell anemia
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Spherocyte
Hereditary spherocytosis, autoimmune hemolysis
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Teardrop cell
Bone marrow infiltration (e.g. myelofibrosis)
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Target cell
HbC disease, Asplenia, Liver disease, Thalassemia
"HALT" said hunter to his target
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Heinz bodies
Oxidation of Hbg sulfhydryl groups leads to denatured hemoglobin precipitation and damage to RBC membrane --> formation of bite cells
Seen in G6PD deficiency; Heinz body - like inclusions seen in α-thalassemia.
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Howell-Jolly bodies
- Basophilic nuclear remnants found in RBCs.
- Howell-Jolly bodies are normally removed from RBCs by splenic macrophages.
Seen in pts w/ functional hyposplenia or asplenia, or after mothball ingestion (napthalene).
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