AT102

neturophils and macrophasges line up along the cell wall:

phagocytic cells:

passage of blood cells, via ameboid action, through the intact capillary wall; movement of white blood cells out fo small artreial vessels:

accumulation of fluid that penetrates throught vessel walls into and joining extravascular space:

a type of leukoctye:

phagocytic cells of the immune system:

cells that are the primary means of providing the body with immune capabilities:

cells that produce collagen and elastin:

describe the process of clotting in specific stages:

decrease in diameter of a blood vessel:

period of scar formation:

a strong fibrous protein found in connective tissue:

 a molecule made of protein and carbohydrate:

a carbohydrate that partially composes proteoglycans:

minor damage to soft tissues associtated with overuse:

significant distruction of soft tissue caused by acute trauma:

NSAID's:

bone producing cells:

cells that absorb bone:

a portion of bone that degenerates due to a poor blood supply

small, hyperirritable areas within a muscle:

pain receptors:

neutrophils, macrophages, and leukoctyes that ingest microorganisms, other cells, and foreign pparticles:

nerve fibers which transmit impules from the nociceptors towards the spinal cord:

nerve fibers such as motor neurons, which transmit impulses from the spinal cord toward the periphery:

list the cardnial signs of inflammation:

list the 3 phases of inflammatory response:

list the characteristics of the inflammatory response phase:

a chemical mediatior that is a primary vasodilator; changes cells permeablity to swelling:

leukotaxin and histamine increase the vessel wall _________________:

facilitates exudate formation; limits exudate:

list the characteristics of phase 2 fibrogblatic repair in inflammatory response:

list the characterisitcs of phase 3 maturation and remodeling in inflammatory response:

list some factors that impede healing:

before regeneration and repair can take place, what must occure:

list the 4 types of soft tissue found in the body:

transformation of tissue from one type to another that is not normal for that tissue:

abnormal development of tissue:

excessive proliferation of normal cells in normal tissue arragngement:

a decrease in the size of tissue due to cell death and reabsorption or decreased cell proliferation:

an increase in the size of tissue without necessarily changing the number of cells:

ligamentous tissue may take as long as ________ to become completely remodeled.

list the 5 stages of acute fractures in bone healing:

list and describe the 4 sources of pain:

list and describe the 3 types of referred pain:

_______ pain is deep, achy, and poorly localized where as _____ pain is sharp and well localized:

list and describe the steps of wound care:

list the steps for blister care:

list the steps to care for a bruise:

list the steps for the care of abrasions:

list the steps to care for laceration/incisions:

list the steps to care for a skin avulsion:

list the steps to manage an ingrown toenail:

list the 5 C's of how MRSA can be spread:

the application of mechanical forces which may stem from within or outside the body, to living organisms:

mechanical forces that are applied to a living organism and adversely change the body's structure and function; structural body devation, leading to faulty aligment:

the cause of an injury or disease:

the mechanical desccription of the cause:`

the structural and fucntional changes that result from teh injury process

a perceptible change in a patients body or its functions that indicate an injury or disease:

an objective , a definitive and obvious indicator of a spectific condition:

denotes the name of a specific condition:

a prediction about the course of the condition; projected outcome of injury or illness:

a condition following and resulting from a diesease or an injury:

a group of symptoms and signs that, together, indicate a particular injury or disease:

HOPS

joint motin that occurs because of muscle contraction:

movement that is preformed completely by the examiner:

an area of skin that is innervated by the sensory fibers of a single spinal nerve or crainal nerve:

muscle or groups of muscles innervated by a specific motor nerve

in front of:

in back of:

above:

below:

farther away:

closer to:

toward the middle:

away from the middle:

what are the 4 distinct evaluations:

what is the difference between evaluation and diagnosis:

what are the 4 abdominopelivic quadrants:

what are the 9 regions of the abdomen:

grading for injury/condition:

refers to a list of possible causes
prioritiizing of possibilities
hypothese or working diagonsis
 
systematic method  of diagnosing a disorder:

obtain subjective info relative to how injury occured, extent of injury, MOI
inaquire about previous injuires/illness that may be involved as well as past treatments

ask:
how and when did it occure
did you hear or feel something
which direction did the joint move
characterize the pain

look for asymmetries, postural mal-alignments or deformities
how does the athelete move? is there a limp?
are movement abnormal?
what is the body position?
facial expressions
abnormal sounds
swelling, heat, redness, inflammation, discoloration:

the use of touch to determine abnormalities in bony and soft tissue:

used to detect specific pathologies; compare inert and contractile tissues and their integrity
assessment should be made bilaterally

Active

Passive:
normal vs. normal
manual muscles tests
goniometric measurement vs. digital inclinomenters

cerebral , crainal never fucntion, cerebellar funcion

sensory and motor function: dermatome and myotome

involuntary response to a stimulus

deep tendon: caused by stimulation of strectch reflex
superficial: stimulation of skin which casues relfexive muscle contraction
pathological: superficial relfex indicative of upper motor neuron lesion (babinski's, caddocks, oppenheims)

SOAP

used to determine presence fo fracture bone abnormaliites and dislocations

a visual study of join via x ray after injection of die or air or a combination of bother
shows disruption of soft tissues and loose bodies

invasive technique, using fiber optics to assess joint integrity and damage:

opaque dye injected into epidural space of spinal canal
used to detect tumors, nerve root compression, disk disease

penetrates the body with thin, fan-shaped x ray beam
produces cross sectional view of tissues

allows clinincal to view location, measurement, and delineation of organ or tissue by measuring reflection or transmission of high freqence ultrasound waves:

graphic recording of muscle elecricla activity using surface or needle electrodes:

special tests are commonly used to determine what in an evaulation?

how would an evaluator palpate a painful joint:

list 4 concerns that can be noted while observing an injury:

in obtaining a history, the examiner should do the following 3 things:

what term denotes drawing a body part away from theh midline of the body:

what term denotes drawing a body part toward the midline of the body:

is the knee proximal or distal to the ankle?

is the shoulder medial or lateral to the sternum?

if a manual muscle test is graded GOOD, what does this tell us about the muscle strength?

if an athlete feels pain in the left shoulder and donnw into the upper arm, what might this referred pain indicate:

what must be accomplished in a functional test before the athlete is cleared for participation:

what are some of the advantages of using arthroscopy:

why would a physician want to do a bone scan rather than an x ray:

what are the movements of the spine:

what are some prevention of injury to the cervial spine:

what is the difference between a cervical fracture and a cervical dislocation:

more violent turn of the head, forced flexion, extension or rotation (than a strain)
a snapping of the head and neck, compromising the anterior/psoterior longitudinal legament
tenderness over the ransvers and spinous processes

pain on the side of the neck upon wakening
result fo synoval capsule impingement within a facet

mechanisms inclue lacerations, hemorrhage, contusion, neuropraxia and shock
various degrees of paralyiss impacting motor and sensory function
cord lesion at or above C3 will result in death, below C4 will allow for some nerve root function

syndrome cahracterized by a narrowing of the spinal canal in the cervical region that impinges on the spinal cord

results fromm stretching or compression of the brachial plexus; distrupts peripheral nerve function without degenerative changes

result of wedge fractures of 5 degress or greater in 3 or more consectutive vertebrae with disk space abnormalities and irregular epiphyseal endplates:

fractures of the spinous or transverse processes
result of trunk hyperflexion or fallin from a height:

sudden extension contraction overloadd generally in conjuncion with some type of rotation:

inflammatory condition of the sciatic nerve
nerve root compression from intervertebral disk protrusion,structural irregularities with the intervertebral foramina:

degeneration of the vertebrae due to congential weakenss (stress fracture results); breaking down of vertebra:

slipping of one vertebrae above or below another

pelvic asymmetries, measureable leg length deormitites, blocked normal movement during trunk flexion:

how many indivuidual bones are there in the spine:

how many bones of the spine are considered true or false bones:
True False

what is the main function of the intervertebral disk:

list 3 things of major importance that an AT should be testing for in the examination and evaluation of a low back condition:

kernigs test:

what are the mechanisms for serious neck injuries:

neuropraxia:

portion of vertebrae protecting the spinal cord:

birth defect involving imcomplete formation of the neural arch:

ellastic connective tissue connecting the laminae of adjacent vertebrae:

pain in the coccyx and surrounding region:

straight leg raises caused by pain by stretching the sciatic nerve:

ankle is a _________ hinge joint
medial and lateral displacement is prevented by the ________
square shape of the _____ adds to stablility of the ankle
most stable during _______, and least stable during ___________

a test is a blow to the tibia, fibula or heel to crete vibratory force that resonates within a fracture:

test involves compression of tibia and fibula either above or below site of concern

squeeze calf muscle, while foot is exteneded off table to test the integrity of the achilles tendon; postivie test results in no movement

used to determin damage to anterior talofibular ligament primarily and other lateral ligament secondarily; positive test results in foot slides foward, make clunking sound at end point:

contain muscles that dorsiflex the ankel and extend the toes: tibialis anterior, extensor hallcuis longus, and extensor digitorum longus

contains the peroneus longus and brevis, which evert the ankle; peroneus tertius mucle which assists in dorsiflexion

contains the gatrocnemius msucle and the soleus muscle:

contains the tibilais posterior, flexor digitorum longus and flexor hallucis longus muscles, which invert the ankle:

how would you manage an acute achilles tendon strain:

What serious complication can occur in a lower leg fracture when hemorrhage and swelling are present?

an articulation in which the bones are united by a ligament:

talocrural joint formed by the tibia, fibia, and talus:

both the medial malleolus of the distal tibia and the lateral malleolus of the distal
fibula are fractured.

an inflammatory condition that involves the tendon sheath

a serious condition that results in the destruction and deterioration of bone

What is the mechanism of injury in peroneal tendon subluxation?

How might you relieve a tonic muscle spasm?

Name two causes of chronic medial shin pain.