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Epiphyte
a plant growning on another plant for support.
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Valamen
an outer covering of dead cells found on the aerial roots of orchids.
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Pollinium
the stuck together mass of pollen produced by the orchid flower.
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Sepal
outermost ring of flower parts. Usually, but not always, small and green.
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Petals
inside the sepal, often large and colored.
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Stamens
inside the petals, a ring of structures that produce the pollen.
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Anthers
the box-like portion of the stamens that actually forms the pollen.
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Pistil
the structure at the center of the flower that produces the egg. The female reproductive part of the flower.
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Stigma
the part of the pistil on which the pollen lands and germinates.
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Style
the structure below the stigma through which the pollen tube grows.
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Ovary
the base of the pistil that holds the ovule.
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Ovule
the part of the ovary that contains the egg.
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Meiosis
a type of division that results in halving the chromosome number.
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Gamate
a haploid reproductive cell that gives rise directly to an individual offering in plants, fungi, and algae.
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Microspore mother cell
the cell that undergoes meiosis and produces the haploid spore or pollen.
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Pollen
the microgametophye of the angiosperm. Usually the pollen grain consists of two cells: the vegetative cell and the generatitive cell. Some pollen has three cells because the generative cell has divided to for two sperm cells.
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Sperm
the haploid male gamete. In angiosperms only two sperm are produced per pollen tube.
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Vegetative Nucleus
the haploid nucleus that governs the growth fo the pollen tube.
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Generative Cell
the cell in the pollen or pollen tube that undergoes mitosis to form the two sperms.
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Pollination
the act of moving the pollen from the anther to the stigma.
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Megaspore mother cell
the cell that undergoes meiosis to form the megaspore
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Megagametophye
an eight nuclei, seven celled haploid structure that contains the egg. the megagamethophye contains the egg, synergids, the central cell, the antipodals, and the embryo sac.
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Double Fertilization
one sperm fuses with the egg to form the zygote, while the second fuses with the two polar nuclei forming the tripolid endosperm
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Zygote
the product of the fusion of the egg and the sperm
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Endosperm
the product of the fusion of the two polar nuclei and the second sperm nucleus. The endosperm nuclei are always 3n.
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Suspensor
a group of cells in the young embryo involved in transport of nutrients from the parent plant to the embryo.
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Embryo
the result of fusion of the sperm and egg and the subsequent development of the zygote.
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Cotyledons
food storage structures formed on the embryo.
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Bilaterally Symmetric Flower
flower that can be divided into left right mirror images
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Carpellate or Pistillate Flower
a flower that has carpels or pistils and lacks anthers.
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Determinate
all the flowers of an inflorescence form and open at the same time.
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Dioecious
a plant species that has staminate flower on one plant and pestillate flower on another plant.
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Head Inflorescence
flowers arise directly from a disc shaped mass of tissue: disk flowers are central and lack petals, while ray flowers are at the margin and have a conspicuous petal extending from one side.
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Imperfect Flower
a flower that lacks either anthers or pistils.
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Indeterminate Inflorescence
the first formed flowers mature and open first
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Inflorescence
a group of flowers on a common stem.
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Monoecious
a plant that has both staminate and pistillate flowers
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Nectar
a complex mixture of sugars, amino acids and other components produced by the flower and eaten by insects.
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Radially Symmetric Flower
flower parts are equally spaced around the center.
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Staminate Flower
a flower that has anthers but lacks pistils.
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