Week 2

Fluctuation of the value of a statistic from one sample from a population to another sample.

Theoretical distribution of a statistic using an infinite number of samples as a basis and the values of the statistic used in the distribution.

Theoretical distribution of an infinite number of means of samples.

Standard deviation of the infinite number of means in the sampling distribution of the mean.

Statistical estimation using information from a sample to estimate a single statistic to represent a population parameter.

Range of values within which a population parameter is estimated to lie.

Hypothesis that states there is no relationship between the variables of interest.

Hypothesis that states there is a relationship between variables of interest.

Error created when rejecting the null hypothesis when it is actually true.

Error created when accepting the null hypothesis when it is actually false.

Level designating the established risk of committing a type I error.

The probability of committing a type II error.

The probability of correctly rejecting a false null hypothesis.

Statistical tests that involve assumptions about variable distribution, estimation of a parameter, and use of scale measures.

Class of inferential statistics that do not make assumptions about variable distribution.

Test of statistical significance in which only values at one extreme of a distribution are considered in determining significance.

Test of statistical significance in which values at both extremes of a
distribution are considered in determining significance.

Area of the sampling distribution representing values which are “improbable” if the null hypothesis is true.

Concept representing the number of things free to vary about a parameter. A way to take sample size into consideration.

Test to evaluate the probability that the value of the sample mean equals that of population mean.

Standard deviation of the difference between sample distribution means and that of the population mean.

Test to determine the probability that the means of two groups are equal, when the groups are independent of each other.

Test to determine the probability that paired means are equal; two
groups/measurements are tested to determine if they differ.

Index of the magnitude and direction of the relationship between a continuous variable and a dichotomous variable.

Procedure for testing mean differences among three or more groups by comparing the variability between groups with that within the groups.

Variability arising from group differences in ANOVA.

Variability arising between subjects in groups in ANOVA.

Statistic in which variation attributable to different sources (e.g., between and within groups) is compared.

Sum of squared deviation scores.

Analysis of variance used to test the relationship between one independent variable and a dependent variable.

Analysis of variance used to test the relationship between two or more independent variables and a dependent variable simultaneously.

Procedure for testing mean differences in a within-subject design with three or more conditions/observation periods.

Test for comparing all possible pairs of groups following a significant result of overall group differences (e.g., a significant ANOVA result).