Ethics

Psychologists claim that a child must develop a sense of valves by the age of 7 in order to become an adult with a conscience.


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The study of a moral center in the brain claims that a mapping of the moral center can tell us whether one moral answer is better than another.


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The study of ethics is an exclusively Western phenomenon.


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The proverb "It takes a village to raise a child" originated in the American Indian tradition.


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"Morality" usually refers to theories about the moral rules we follow.


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There is common agreement among ethicists that it is not possible for an atheist to have morals.


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A nonmoral value never refers to something as being good or bad, or right or wrong.


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An inductive argument is a conclusion based on gathering of evidence, but you can't be certain that the conclusion is true.


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The logical fallacy of using threats is called the ad baculum fallacy.


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The logical fallacy of begging the question makes the assumption that what you're trying to prove is a fact.


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The logical fallacy of bifurcation makes the assumption that what you're trying to prove is a fact.


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The logical fallacy of a slippery slope assumes that drastic consequences will follow a certain policy.


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The Russian author IIya Ehrenburg read the diary of a young girl during World War II and became convinced that the Russians won the war because they kept meticulous diaries.

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In Bradbury's story Fahrenheit 451, a group of book lovers memorize banned books of world literature, and each becomes a living book


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Martha Nussbaum agrees with most of the philosophical tradition when she says that emotions have no cognitive value


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For Nussbaum, we understand ourselves and our emotions best through narratives.


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For Nussbaum, it is inevitable that since narratives reflect the values of society narratives deprive people of their moral autonomy.


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According to Nussbaum, when we experience the emotions of disgust and shame, we are establishing the environment of "Us vs. Then."


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In the film Smoke Signals. Thomas, the storyteller, undertakes a sad journey to collect his father's ashes in Wyoming.


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Which logical fallacy makes the assumption that what you're trying to prove is a fact?

A. begging the question
B. bifurcation
C. ad hominem
D. ad baculum

Which one of these answers to the question "Why are there moral rulers?" is NOT in Chapter 1?

A. Moral rules derive from the fear of being caught
B. Moral rules originate in human reason
C. Moral rules are dictated by the economy
D. Moral rules come from God/the gods

The fallacy of ad miserecordiam commonly appeals to:

A. the concept that drastic consequences will follow a miserable policy
B. the belied the concept is so bizarre, it couldn't possibly be believed
C. pity for the individual
D. the assumption that what you are trying to prove is a fact

IIya Ehrenburg says good stories can help people survive great hardships. What kind of hardship was he specifically referring to?

A. a grave illness
B. the loss of a loved one due to violence
C. terrorism
D. a wartime situation

The moral of "The Boy Who Cried Wolf" is that you should never lie, because sooner or later people aren't going to believe you anymore, even when you tell the truth


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The criminal justice system has recently begun to experiment with sentencing convicted offenders to reading books and watching films in order to teach them moral responsibility.

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There is a sharp distinction between factual and fictional stories


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Kierkegaard believed that Abraham's obedience to God was not an example of ordinary morality, but required a leap of faith


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The science fiction genre sometimes referred to as "cyberpunk" contains visions of a dark and frightening future.


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We can learn moral lessons from morally good people, but not from morally flawed people


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If one is opposed to war, one can find no moral lessons in war stories


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Aristotle viewed art as dangerous because it fans violent emotions


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As a young adult, Oedipus is told that he is destined to kill his father and marry his mother


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Aristotle believed that a good tragedy doesn't have to rely on what we today would call special effects


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Rosenstand suggests that children need to be taught by their parents to process stories so that they will know the difference between fact and fiction


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Rosenstand suggests that stories are to be seen as moral laboratories where we can explore the consequences of actions


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Tristine Rainer believes that everyone is naturally good at telling their own story; it is a skill nobody has to learn


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Plato warns against the dangers of letting one's emotions run free when watching a tragedy, but he also warns against laughing when watching a comedy.

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There are four common viewpoints to the issue of Hollywood and violent films mentioned in the text. Find the one that shouldn't be on the list.

A. Hollywood is supplying a valuable social service, because we all need to watch violent films now and again
B. Hollywood should create more films in nonviolent categories, such as family movies
C. Hollywood should impose strict family values on its productions
D. Hollywood is just responding to viewer demands

The moral message of gruesome fairy tales may be the following:

A. Evil is a continuous presence to which we sooner or latter fall victim
B. Nothing is so bad that something good doesn't result from it
C. Evil can be dealt with if we have fortitude
D. Only evil people have evil things happen to them

What is a parable?

A. a story with two parallel endings
B. a concept from mathematics, describing a curve
C. the same as a fairy tale
D. an allegorical story for adults

Why did the father of the prodigal son celebrate his homecoming?

A. The father had given him up for lost
B. He had been away for thirty years
C. He brought his new wife with him
D. The father was hoping that the son would help around the farm

There are many ways to use narratives to explore ethics. Chapter 2 mentions several ways. Which one shouldn't be on the list?

A. Some judges are sentencing offenders to reading books and watching films in order to make them understand moral responsibility
B. Many philosophy students are now reading stories about persons seeking the meaning of life in order to facilitate their own search for meaning
C. Many psychologists are using bibliotherapy to help children cope with difficult experiences
D. Many medical students are exposed to literature and film about persons with illnesses in order to have a better understanding of their patients

What does it mean that we are temporal creatures?

A. We understand that we live in time; We remember the past and anticipate the future
B. We are only on this earth for a short time, and then we are gone forever.
C. We have a hard time controlling our emotions; we are temperamental
D. We are endowed with temporal lobes

Chapter 2 mentions three key features connected with the undertaking of telling one's own story. Which one shouldn't be on the list?

A. The story is selective
B. The story is incomplete
C. The story is always true
D. The story is to some extent fictional

What is Narrative Time?

A. the time period in which a historical or contemporary novel is set
B. the age of oral storytelling before writing was invented
C. the compressed time experience of a novel or a film
D. the time it takes to tell a story

Some cultures feel that it is their moral duty to dispose of their seniors when they become unproductive.


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Hard universalism is the theory that we are each entitled to our own moral opinion and that there is no universal moral code.


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The moral nihilist believes that deep down all people have some values in common.


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A good way to test a moral theory is to examine its capacity for solving problems.


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Cultural relativism describes how customs differ from culture to culture


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Ethical relativism is a normative theory.


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A normative ethical theory involves a moral judgment, evaluation, or justification.


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Benedict's conclusion is that a certain behavior may be normal for a culture, but that doesn't mean it is morally right.


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Benedict is saying that morality is culturally defined.


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Ethical relativism cannot make a claim to tolerance being universally good if all values are culture-relative.


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One of the arguments against ethical relativism says that the theory cannot distinguish between the actual morality and the professed morality of a culture.

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Inclusive multiculturalism is also sometimes known as multicultural pluralism.


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Soft universalism claims there are some underlying values all cultures can agree on


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In the primary readings, Benedict refers to a Melanesian culture that has developed paranoia into being the culturally accepted norm.


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Parekh argues in favor of monocultural education on the ground that it facilitates cultural sensitivity.


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In Walker's narrative Possessing the Secret of Joy, the tribal practice of female circumcision is strongly condemned.


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In Slideshow, Nela and Bertram are lovers who have to flee a culture that finds their love morally indecent.


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In Slideshow, the Enforcer Fringe begins to doubt the value of the cultural diversity she is hired to enforce.


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In the film Do the Right Thing, Mookie's life is saved by a black police officer.


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In Do the Right Thing, the Korean store owner claims to be black.


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What do the three theories of moral nihilism, moral skepticism, and moral subjectivism have in common, aside from their rejection of universal moral values?

A. They are typically selfish theories
B. They have nothing else in common
C. The are sexist
D. They have poor problem-solving capacities

What do moral subjectivism and ethical relativism have in common?

A. The view that moral values are relative
B. They both imply majority rule
C. Their excellent problem-solving capacities
D. They have nothing in common

Why is the problem of induction a problem for ethical relativism?

A. because we can never know for certain when we have accumulated enough material to make a theory
B. because very few people understand the problem of induction
C. because we should be using the method of deduction, not induction
D. because it induces people to think for themselves

Which one of these four arguments is not one of the main arguments against ethical relativism?

A. Ethical relativism forces us to bow to majority rule
B. We can neither condemn nor praise other cultures
C. It is hard to determine what might constitute a morally autonomous culture
D. Ethical relativism is blasphemous, so it should be prohibited

What is an ad hominem argument?

A. a logical fallacy claiming that if A = B, then B = A
B. a logical fallacy claiming that you are right or wrong because of who you are, not because of what you say
C. an argument that is valid for only one particular set of circumstances
D. an argument devised by men, for men, to the exclusion of women