anatomy

• 4
• long
• short
• irregular
• flat

the point of connection between two bones

• freely movable
• slightly movable
• immovable

• osteoblasts
• osteocytes
• osteoclasts

principle bone-building cells that produce hard calcium compounds and flexible collagen

mature bone cells that help maintain the hard bone tissue by removing and replacing calcium compounds in a bone

bone-destroying cells that break down bone and release calcium and phosphate ions into the blood

Sac filled with synovial fluid that decreases friction between a tendon and a bone.

Shaft of a long bone containing a narrow canal filled with yellow bone marrow.

end of a long bone

fibrous connective tissue between flat bones in the developing cranium.

fibrous connective tissue that connects bone to bone

process of bone formation

Dense fibrous membrane covering the surface of bones except at the joints.

Connective tissue membrane that lines joint cavities and secretes synovial fluid.

Tough, white, cordlike tissue that attaches muscle to bone.

joints

• ball-and-socket joint (shoulder)
• saddle joint (base of the thumb)
• hinge joint (knees)
• pivot joint (the vertebrae that lets the head turn)
• gliding joint (the joints between the carpals in the wrist)

provides the most freedom of movement of any joint. In this type of joint, the round head of one bone fits into a cup-shaped depression in another bone.

A saddle joint allows the next greatest amount of movement. All movement except rotation is possible with this type of joint.

A hinge joint allows backward and forward movement in only one direction

A pivot joint consists of a cylinder of one bone rotating within a ring formed by another bone. Movement occurs only around a single axis.

A gliding or plane joint allows only a small amount of movement as the flattened or slightly curved surfaces of bones slide or glide over each other in various directions.