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foot bones
- 26 articulating bones in 3 functional units: anterior (forefoot), middle (midfoot), and posterior (hindfoot)
- forefoot - five metatarsals, 14 phalanges (toes).
- midfoot - 5 tarsals bones (navigular, cuboid, 3 cuneiforms
- hindfoot - talus and calcaneus
- ANKLE: distal tibia, medial malleolus, lateral malleolus of fibula
-
foot/ankle ligaments
- apx 100 ligaments
- major ligaments on lat side: anterior and posterior talofibular and calcaneofibular ligaments
- deltoid ligament complex on medial ankle (tibiocalcaneal, ant and posterior tibiotalar, and tibionavicular)
- plantar calcaneonavicular ligament (spring)
- plantar fascia - plantar aponeurosis, strong fibrous tissue provides support for longitudinal arch
- calcaneal tendon - Achilles
-
foot/ankle joints
- ankle joint is synovial, hinge type
- subtalar - plane synovial joint between talus and calcaneus
- tarsometatarsal
- intermetatarsal
- metatarsophalangeal
- interphalangeal
-
ankle/foot muscles - anterior and lateral
- tibialis anterior
- peroneus tertius
- extensor digitorum longus
- extensor hallucis longus
- ALL ANKLE DORSIFLEXORS
-
ankle/foot superficial and deep posterior
- gastrocnemius
- soleus
- plantaris
- ALL PLANTARFLEXORS
-
ankle/foot injuries
- muscle strains and cramps,ligament sprains, ankle sprains
- Achilles rupture
- plantar fasciitis - chronic pulling on plantar fascia, tight Achilles, hyperpronation (flat feet)
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