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ACTH
hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland that stimulates the growth of the adrenal gland cortex and the secretion of corticosteroids. An increase in secretion occurs in response to a low level of circulating cortisol and to stress, fever, surgery, or hypoglycemia
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afferent
carrying toward a given point
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calculi
abnormal hard mass composed of minerals and salts; commonly referred to as a stone
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conduit
channel or pipe for conveying fluids
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cortex
outermost part of a structure
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ESWL (extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy)
non-invasive method that uses shock waves generated by an electrical discharge through water to pulverize calculi of the kidney
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Gerota's fascia
fibrous capsule that encircles the kidney to aid in keeping the kidney in the correct anatomical position and to cushion it from injury
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Gibson incision
surgical incision that begins medial to the anterosuperior iliac spine and curves downward and medially, to slightly above the symphysis pubis; specifically designed for access to the lower portion of the ureter
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hilum
medial border of the kidney that is convex and receives the renal blood vessels
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hirsutism
abnormal hairiness, especially in women
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hypertrophy
enlargement or overgrowth of a structure due to an increase in the size of its cells
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hypospadias
congenital abnormality characterized by the urethral opening located on the underside of the penis or on the perineum of the male, or in the vaginal of the female
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incontinence
inability to control excretory functions
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intravenous urogram (IVU)
diagnostic study that involves the injection of a contrast medium into a vein; the radiopaque material is filtered through the kidney and excreted, providing an outline of the entire urologic system; formerly called intravenous pyelogram
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medulla
innermost part of a structure
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prepuce
fold of skin that forms a cover of the penis and the fold around the clitoris
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retroperitoneal
referring to the space between the peritoneum and the posterior abdominal wall
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stoma
incised opening that is kept open for drainage or other purposes
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suprarenal glands
endocrine glands that rest on the superior portion of the kidneys; consist of a cortex and medulla; the cortex secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance, and the medulla secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine
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torsion
condition of being twisted
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TURP (transurethral resection of the prostate)
partial or full removal of the prostate gland with a resectoscope that is placed through the urethra
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UTI
inflammation or infection of one or more organs or structures of the urinary system
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vesical trigone
important anatomical landmark of the bladder formed by the two ureteral opening at the posterolateral angles, and the urethral opening at the inferior angle
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