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avascular necrosis
death of cells in the epiphysis of a long bone
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osteoma
a benign tumor of the bone
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osteosarcoma
a malignant bone tumor in which osteoblasts, the cells that form new bone, multiply uncontrollably
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Ewing's sarcoma
a malignant bone tumor that occurs mainly in young men.
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chondroma
benign tumor of the cartilage
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chondromalacia petellae
abnormal softening of the patella because of thinning and uneven wear.
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stress fracture
a fracture caused by force or torsion during an accident or sports activity
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pathologic fracture
a fracture caused by a disease process such as osteoporosis, bone cancer, or metastases to the bone
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compound fracture
fracture in which the bone breaks through the overlying skin
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nondisplaced fracture
bone ends remain in their normal anatomical position
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displaced fracture
broken bone ends are pulled out of their normal anatomical alignment
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Colles' fracture
distal radius in broken by falling onto an outstretched hand
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comminuted fracture
bone is crushed into several pieces
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compression fracture
vertebrae are compressed together when a person falls onto the buttocks or when a vertebra collapses in on itself because of disease
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depressed fracture
cranium is fractured inward toward the brain
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greenstick fracture
bone is broken on only one side
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oblique fracture
bone is broken in an oblique angle
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spiral fracture
bone is broken in a spiral because of a twisting force
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transverse fracture
bone is broken in a transverse plane perpendicular to its long axis
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oseomalacia
abnormal softening of the bones due to a deficiency of vitamin D or adequate exposure to the sun
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osteomyelitis
infection in the bone and the bone marrow.
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ankylosing spondylitis
chronic inflammation of the vertebrae that leads to fibrosis, restriction of movement, and stiffening of the spine
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kyphosis
abnormal, excessive, posterior curvature of the thoracic
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lordosis
abnormal, excessive, anterior curvature of the lumbar spine
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scoliosis
abnormal, excessive, c-shaped or s-shaped lateral curvature of the spine
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spondylolisthesis
degenerative condition of the spine in which one vertebra moves anteriorly over another vertebra and slips out of proper alignment due to degeneration of the intervertebral disk
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arthralgia
pain in the joint from injury, inflammation, or infection from various causes
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arthropathy
disease of a joint from any cause
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gout
metabolic disorder that occurs most often in men. A high level of uric acid in the blood
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tophi
masses of crystals that form as a result of gout
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hemarthrosis
blood in the joint cavity from blunt trauma or a penetrating wound
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Lyme disease
arthritis caused by a bacterium in the bite of a infected deer tick
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osteoarthritis
chronic inflammatory disease of the joints, particularly the large weight-bearing joints
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crepitus
a grinding sound
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osteophyte
a sharp bone spur that causes pain
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rheumatoid arthritis
acute and chronic inflammatory disease of connective tissues, particularly of the joints
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sprain
overstretching or tearing of a ligament
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pectus excavatum
congenital deformity of the bony thorax in which the sternum, particularly the xyphoid process is bent inward, creating a hollow depression in the anterior chest.
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genu valgum
congenital deformity in which the knees are rotated toward the midline and are abnormally close together and the lower legs are bent laterally
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genu varum
congenital abnormality in which the knees are rotated laterally away from each other and the lower legs are bent toward the midline
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hallux valgus
deformity in which the great toe is angled laterally toward the other toes...bunion
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talipes equinovarus
clubfoot
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