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Tests for carbonation
- Take core or knock off section to reveal fresh face
- Spray with phenolphthalein immediately (surface will carbonate within 5 minutes if exposed to air)
- Note depth of carbonation using ruler
- (Clear is carbonated, Purple is not)
- Model future carbonation: Time till carbonation hits steel, Requires cover depth
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Chlorides
- Core (can be same one used for carbonation)
- Dust samples (discard top 5mm, can be inaccurate)
- Select location
- Label & store
- On site: quantab strips (qualitative)
- Lab: NAMAS lab, cut to measure, crush & dissolve in acid. Or; chloride electrode, spectrophotometer, hach method.
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Chloride test results
 - Other factors; condition of steel, w/c ratio OH/Cl ratio, amount free chloride, moisture, Anode/Cathode ratio
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Pull-off test
- Determine concrete strength prior to repair
- Measure adhesive strength of coatings and carbon fibre
- Check overlays; shotcrete, toppings, repairs
-
Pull-off test interpretation
- Expected results: Tensile strength of concrete 2.7 to 4.1 MPa (about 8-12% of fc), for adhesive can be less, 1.0 to 2 MPa
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Water Permeability
- Measure of concrete durability properties (in correlation with other data)
- Water absorption due to capillary action and pressure
- Automated pressure system; clam, torrent permeability kit
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Other tests
- Thermography (infrared)
- Impact Echo
- Ground Penetratiing Radar
-
Suite of testing for concrete cores
- Strength
- Cement Content
- ASR susceptibility
- Water Permeability
- Air Permeability
- Chloride Diffusion Coefficient
- Accelerated Carbonation
-
Embedded Monitoring Systems
- Half-cells
- Cathodic Protection Systems
- Corrosion Ladders (Schiessel Ladder)
- Strain Gauges
- Moisture Probes
- Relative Humidity
- pH Probes
- Remote Monitoring
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Steel
structural member types, failure, testing
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Soil & Water
- Sampling, Chemical Testing, Microbiological
- Testing
-
Site Test Procedure pp19-20
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