Exam 4 Chapter 23

Which of the following is an organ of the gastrointestinal tract?
A) the pancreas
B) the gallbladder
C) the esophagus
D) the liver
E) the salivary glands

Where in the digestive tract does the absorption of water take place?
A) the large intestine
B) the esophagus
C) the rectum
D) the stomach
E) the small intestine

Which of the following is a fungus which commonly lives in the large intestine?
A) Candida
B) Escherichia
C) Bacteroides
D) Lactobacillus
E) Campylobacter

Streptococcus mutans is associated with
A) periodontitis
B) typhoid fever
C) severe diarrhea
D) dental caries
E) food poisoning

Porphyromonas gingivalis is associated with
A) perodontitis
B) gastroenteritis
C) food poisoning
D) hepatitis
E) typhoid fever

Which of the following is now known to be the cause of most peptic ulcers?
A) Salmonella enterica
B) Shigella dysenteriae
C) Helicobacter pylori
D) Escherichia coli O157:H7
E) Vibrio cholerae

Urease is an important virulence factor of which of the following?
A) Porphyromonas gingivalis
B) Helicobacter pylori
C) Vibrio cholerae
D) Escherichia coli O157:H7
E) Shigella dysenteriae

The most important virulent factor of Vibrio cholerae is
A) its ability to produce a potent exotoxin
B) its activation of certain genes within the human body
C) its ability to survive in freshwater
D) its ability to form biofilms in saltwater
E) the presence of polar flagella

The major symptoms of cholera are attributable to which of the following?
A) death of cells lining the intestinal tract
B) cessation of protein synthesis in host cells
C) activity of a type III secretion system
D) activation of adenylate cyclase
E) production of urease

Which of the following serotypes of Salmonella enterica causes most cases of human salmonellosis in the United States?
A) Paratyphi
B) Enteritidis
C) Typhimurium
D) Typhi
E) both Enteritidis and Typhimurium

Which of the following is a defining characteristic of coliforms?
A) They are found in the intestinal tracts of human and animals
B) They are strictly anaerobic
C) They ferment lactose
D) They are never pathogenic
E) They are Gram-positive bacilli

Escherichia. coli O157:H7 is primarily associated with which of the following foods?
A) fomites
B) eggs
C) dairy products
D) pork
E) ground beef

The most common cause of traveler's diarrhea is
A) Escherichia coli
B) Salmonella enterica
C) Giardia intestinalis
D) Cryptosporidium parvum
E) Shigella flexneri

Shigellosis can be differentiated from salmonellosis by the fact that Shigella
A) causes severe diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and fever
B) stimulates intestinal epithelial cells to phagocytize it
C) multiplies in the host cell's cytosol
D) multiplies in phagocytic vesicles
E) kills host cells

The most common bacterial cause of diarrhea that sends people to doctors in the United States is
A) Vibrio
B) Campylobacter
C) Salmonella
D) Escherichia
E) Staphylococcus

A young woman being treated for serious burns develops severe diarrhea accompanied by intense abdominal pain. She passes several watery, foul-smelling, bloody stools a day. A colonoscopy reveals patches of yellowish lesions in the large intestine. The probably causative agent is
A) Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi
B) Giardia intestinalis
C) Clostridium difficile
D) Campylobacter
E) Vibrio cgikerae

The common source of contamination in the majority of cases of staphylococcal food poisoning (intoxication) is
A) fecal contamination
B) eggs
C) the skin of food preparers
D) contaminated water
E) dairy products

Which of the following statements is TRUE with regard to oral herpes?
A) There is an effective cure for oral herpes
B) Ninety percent of all cases are caused by human herpesvirus 2 (HHV-2)
C) Lesions become more severe with each recurrence.
D) Lesions can be triggered by emotional stress or physiologic changes.
E) Primary infections are usually characterized by severe lesions.

Which of the following is the major sign or symptom of mumps?
A) difficulty in breathing
B) darrhea
C) parotitis
D) deafness
E) nausea and vomiting

The viruses responsible fo the majority of infant deaths resulting from diarrhea in the world are the 
A) hepaciviruses
B) rotaviruses
C) caliciviruses
D) astroviruses
E) noroviruses

Which of the following hepatitis viruses usually produces subclinical infections?
A) HCV
B) HBV
C) HDV
D) HAV
E) HEV

The intracellular parasite usually acquired in contaminated drinking water which causes a persistent watery diarrhea is 
A) hepatitis A virus
B) Entamoeba histolytica
C) Vibrio cholerae
D) norovirus
E) Cryptosporidium parvum

Which of the following conditions usually results in severe acute liver damage?
A) co-infection with hepatitis B and hepatitis C viruses
B) superinfection with hepatitis A and hepatitis E viruses
C) superinfection with hepatitis B and hepatitis delta viruses
D) co-infection with hepatitis A and hepatitis B viruses
E) co-infection with hepatitis B and hepatitis delta viruses

A vaccine is available against which of the following?
A) hepatitis A
B) hepatitis B
C) hepatitis C
D) both hepatisis A and hepatitis B
E) hepatitisi A, B, and C

Of the following, who is most likely to develop a chronic infection with hepatitis B virus?
A) the elderly
B) females at puberty
C) children between the ages of 2 and 12
D) newborns
E) young adults

A man reports to his doctor that he is tired all the time and his urine has become darker in color. He has not experienced fever or vomiting recently. The physician notes that his eyes are yellowing and his abdomen is swollen. The man has a history of kidney transplant and recently returned from an overseas trip. The man may be infected with
A) norovirus
B) hepatitis C virus
C) hepatitis E virus
D) Shigella
E) Entamoeba histolytica

Diagnosis of hepatitis B infection is made by the observation of which of the following in the patient's body fluids?
A) Dane particles
B) enterotoxins
C) O antigens
D) endospores
E) oocysts

Which of the following is a notable symptom of giardiasis?
A) jaundice
B) foul-smelling "rotten egg" stools
C) irritability and sleep disturbance
D) cold sores
E) "rice-water" stools

Which of the following causes "beaver fever?"
A) Taenia saginata
B) Giardia intestinalis
C) Enterobius vermicularis
D) Entamoeba histolytica
E) Campylobacter jejuni

Which of the following statements is TRUE with regard to Entamoeba histolytica?
A) it reproduces by schizogony
B) it causes pseudopodia to attach to the intestinal lining
C) it is an intracellular parasite
D) an effective vaccine against infection is available
E) it causes a form of hepatitis

Where in a tapeworm would you expect to find fertilized eggs?
A) at the end of the strobila
B) the neck region of the strobila
C) inside the scolex
D) in all proglottids
E) outside the cuticle

Tapeworms are usually transmitted to humans through ingestion of
A) tapeworm larvae
B) tapeworm eggs
C) mature tapeworms
D) cysticerci
E) gravid proglottids

Differentiation between Taenia saginata and Taenia solium is carried out via examination of the
A) eggs
B) larvae
C) scolex
D) cysticerci
E) proglottids

Which of the following is a common childhood parasite in the United States?
A) Giardia intestinalis
B) Entamoeba histolytica
C) Cryptosporidium parvum
D) Taenia solium
E) Enterobius vermicularis

What is the primary symptom of Enterobius infections?
A) liver enlargement
B) bloody diarrhea
C) vomiting and nausea
D) perianal itching
E) intestinal blockage

A large number of people in a community experience diarrhea with fever. Public health authorities investigate and find that the people are passing dark urine, and some have yellowish skin. Furthermore, all of the affected individuals recently ate at a new restaurant in town known for its wide variety of fresh imported vegetables. Which of the following is the most likely causative agent?
A) norovirus
B) hepatitis E virus
C) hepatitis A virus
D) Salmonella enterica
E) Escherichia coli O157:H7

The DNA virus known as "serum hepatitis" is
A) HCV
B) HBV
C) HEV
D) HDV
E) HAV

Peritonitis may develop in severe cases of
A) hepatitis
B) typhoid
C) giardiasis
D) pinworm infestation
E) peptic ulcer disease

What member of the human intestinal microbiota occasionally causes life-threatening disease?
A) Giardia intestinalis
B) Salmonella enterica
C) Clostridium difficile
D) Lactobacilus
E) Escherichia coli O157:H7

Accessory organ infections are caused by
A) mumps virus
B) rotavirus
C) norovirus
D) human herpesvirus 1
E) enterovirus

Cholera toxin is composed of five A subunits and one B subunit
A) True
B) False

Salmonella is part of the normal microbiota of virtually all vertebrates except humans.
A) True
B) False

Cholera toxin is composed of five A subunits and one B subunit.
A) True
B) False

All tapeworms are intestinal parasites that completely lack digestive systems
A) True
B) False

omplete recovery from hepatitis A infection occurs 99% of the time.
A) True
B) False

Vomiting is a common sign of viral gastroenteritis.
A) True
B) False

Peptic ulcers are erosions of the lining of the small or large intestines.
A) True
B) False

Dysentery is a severe type of gastroenteritis in which stools contain mucus and blood.
A) True
B) False

Supportive care is the only treatment for staphylococcal food poisoning.
A) True
B) False

Contamination of meat with tapeworm cysts can be detected by visual inspection.
A) True
B) False