Image Procedures

Where will the fibula be located on a properly positioned lateral radiograph of the ankle?

The distal of the gallbladder is the:

The lumbar lamina is represented by what part of the "scotty dog" seen in a correctly positioned oblique lumbar spine view?

The valve that separates the right atrium from the right ventricle is called the:

T9 and T10 are located at the level of the:

Ideally, the cathode end of an x-ray tube should be positioned to take advantage of the "heel effect" of the tube. Where should the cathode be placed for an AP thoracic spine?

The secondary center of ossification in long bones is the:

Some synovial joints contain synovial-fluid filled sacs outside the main joint cavity called:

A malformation of the acetabulum causing displacement of the femoral head is known as:

Which of the following best describes the position of the thymus gland?

Which specific type of joint allows multiaxial movement?

The central-ray angulation for a lateral projection of the knee is:

The body is placed at what angle for the AP oblique projection (Judet method) of the acetabulum?

Which of the following will be directly superimposed over the junction of the "Y" on the PA oblique (scapula Y) projection?

For an AP projection of the shoulder with the humerus in internal rotation, the epicondyles of the humerus should be:

The only saddle joint in the human body is the:

Diverticula are most common seen in which part of the colon?

Where is the center of the IR positioned for an AP abdominal radiograph done in the upright position?

What is the longest segment of the small intestine?

Where is the IR centered for a hyperflexion or hyperextension lateral projection of the cervical spine?

Which structure carries oxygenated blood to the left atrium?

Which aspect of the large intestine is best demonstrated with a RAO position?

If the lateral decubitus position is used to demonstrate fluid in the pleural cavity, which side must the patient lie on?

What is the term for a bending motion of an articulation, decreasing the angle between associated bones?

Where should the center of the IR be positioned for a transthoracic lateral projection of the proximal humerus?

Which of the following describes the central ray centering point for the L5-S1 lateral projection?

Where is the central ray directed for a  lateral projection of the humerus?

S1 and S2 are located at the level of the:

Where is the central ray directed for a lateral thoracic spine"

What is the name of the condition that results in the forward slipping of one vertebra on the one below it?

For the PA oblique projection (scapula Y) of the shoulder, the body is rotated so that the midcoronal plane is how many degrees from the IR?

At what level is the sternal angle?

Symphysis pubis is located at the level of:

Which line is placed perpendicular to the IR for the parietoorbital (Rhese) projection of the optic canal?

For a lateral projection of the wrist, the elbow must be flexed:

Which joint is an example of a amphiarthroidal joint?

The superior and inferior vena cava empty returning blood into which part of the heart?

For an AP projection of the toes, the central ray is directed to the:

How many feet make up the small intestine?

A fracture of the distal radius with posterior displacement is known as a ____ fracture.

Which of the following passes through the carpal "tunnel"?

When viewed from the side, the vertebral column presents how many curves?

The first cervical vertebra is called the:

A chronic condition with persistent obstruction of the bronchial airflow is termed:

L4 and L5 are located at the level of the:

What quadrant is the liver located?

If the patient cannot be placed in the lordotic position for radiography of the pulmonary apices, what is the central-ray angle that can be used to project the clavicles above the apices?

Which ligament is part of the knee?

Which intervertebral foramina are demonstrated on the PA axial projection of the cervical spine?

Which of the following positions would best demonstrate the proximal tibifibular articulation?

If the infraorbitomeatal line is placed perpendicular to the IR during an AP axial (Towne) projection of the skull, how much is the central ray angled?

Blunting of the costophrenic angles on a PA projection of the chest can be an indication of:

Which type of body habitus has a high and transverse stomach?

All of the following statements regarding respiratory structures are true, except:

The largest and strongest bone in the body is the:

Some synovial joints contain a thick cushioning pad of fibrocartilage called the:

If the IR and wrist are placed flat on the table for the PA axial projection of the wrist (Stecher method), the central ray must be angled:

An abnormal increase in the convexity of the thoracic spine is termed:

Which sinus is projected through the mouth on the open-mouth modification of the Waters method?

What bone articulates with the semi-lunar notch of the ulna?

Often, the leg is to long to fit on one IR for radiographs. Which joint or joints should be included on the IR when the site of a lesion is known?

What skull type is narrow from side to side?

What is the respiration phase for an AP abdominal radiograph done in the left lateral decubitus position?

How many bones make up the appendicular skeleton?

What is the recommended SID for a supine AP chest radiograph?

Which structure is the most superior?

Oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanges by diffusion within the:

For a transthoracic lateral projection of the shoulder, lung detail may be blurred to better visualize the shoulder area. Which exposure time is recommended to blur the lung structures?

What angle would be utilized on an AP axial (lordotic) chest?

In which region is the splenic flexure?

At which level should the central ray enter the base of the skull for the SMV projection of the sinuses?

Which of the following is located in the internal ear?

The outermost layer of the pleura is referred to as the:

To prevent lateral rotation, how should the foot be positioned for a lateral projection of the ankle?

For a lateral projection of the hand, the central ray is directed to the:

Which of the following positions is most likely to place the right kidney parallel to the IR?

The term varus refers to

Demonstration of the posterior fat pad on the lateral projection of the adult elbow can be caused by

1. trauma or other pathology
2. greater than 90-degree flexion
3. less than 90-degree flexion

The coronoid process should be visualized in profile in which of the following positions?

The male bony pelvis differs from the female bony pelvis in which of the following way(s)?

1. The male pelvis has a larger pelvic inlet.
2. The female pubic arch is greater than 90 degrees.
3. The male ilium is more vertical.

Which of the following techniques would provide a posteroanterior (PA) projection of the gastroduodenal surfaces of a barium-filled high and transverse stomach?

With the patient and the x-ray tube positioned as illustrated in Figure 2-2, which of the following will be visualized?

1. Intercondyloid fossa
2. Patellofemoral articulation
3. Tangential patella

All of the following statements regarding respiratory structures are true except

All the following statement regarding an exact PA projection of the skull are true except

What could be done to improve the mediolateral projection of the knee seen in Figure 2-3?

Pacemaker electrodes can be introduced through a vein in the chest or upper extremity, from where they are advanced to the

Widening of the intercostal spaces is characteristic of which of the following conditions?

Which of the following structures is (are) located in the right upper quadrant (RUQ)?

1. Hepatic flexure
2. Gallbladder
3. Ileocecal valve

Which of the following statements regarding the image in Figure 2-4 is correct?

During the upper gastrointestinal (GI) examination, a stomach of average shape demonstrates a barium-filled fundus and double contrast of the pylorus and duodenal bulb. The position used is mostly likely

Which of the following articulations participate(s) in formation of the ankle mortise?

1. Talotibial
2. Talocalcaneal
3. Talofibular

Which projection of the foot will best demonstrate the longitudinal arch?

Graves disease is associated with

To best visualize the lower ribs, the exposure should be made

In an AP axial projection (Towne method) of the skull, with the CR directed 30 degrees caudad to the orbitomeatal line (OML) and passing midway between the external auditory meati, which of the following is best demonstrated?

The right posterior oblique position (Judet method) of the right acetabulum will demonstrate the

1. anterior rim of the right acetabulum
2. right iliac wing
3. right anterior iliopubic column

Figure 2-5 demonstrates which of the following conditions?

A frontal view of the sternum is best accomplished in which of the following positions?

What is the name of the condition that results in the forward slipping of one vertebra on the one below it?

During atrial systole, blood flows into the

1. right ventricle via the mitral valve
2. left ventricle via the bicuspid valve
3. right ventricle via the tricuspid valve

How should a chest examination to rule out air-fluid levels be obtained on a patient having traumatic injuries?

All of the following statements regarding the use of iodinated contrast agents with patients taking metformin hydrochloride are true except

Which of the following methods was used to obtain the image seen in Figure 2-6?

Which of the following statements regarding the radiograph in Figure 2-6 is (are) true?

1. The position is used to demonstrate the frontal and ethmoid sinuses.
2. The ethmoid sinuses are seen near the medial aspect of the orbits.
3. The perpendicular plate is visualized in midline of the nasal cavity.

Which of the following is an important consideration to avoid excessive metacarpophalangeal joint overlap on the oblique projection of the hand?

All of the following positions are used frequently to demonstrate the sternoclaviclar articulations except

Which of the following positions is most likely to place the right kidney parallel to the IR?

When examining a patient whose elbow is in partial flexion, how should an AP projection be obtained?

1. with humerus parallel to IR, CR perpendicular
2. with forearm parallel to IR, CR perpendicular
3. through the partially flexed elbow, resting on the olecranon process, CR perpendicular

Which of the following positions is required to demonstrate small amounts of air in the peritoneal cavity?

Which of the anatomic structures listed below is seen most anteriorly in a lateral projection of the chest?

For an AP projection of the knee on a patient whose measurement from ASIS to tabletop is 21 cm, which CR direction will best demonstrate the knee joint?

In which of the following projections was the image in Figure 2-7 made?

Which of the following anatomic structures is indicated by the number 2 in Figure 2-7?

Which of the following is (are) well demonstrated in the lumbar spine pictures in Figure 2-8?

1. apophyseal articulations
2. intervertebral foramina
3. pedicles

In which of the following tangential axial projections of the patella is complete relaxation of the quadriceps femoris requires for an accurate diagnosis?

1. supine flexion 45 degrees (Merchant)
2. prone flexion 90 degrees (Settegast)
3. prone flexion 55 degrees (Hughston)

Which of the following projections can be used to supplement the traditional "open-mouth" projection when the upper portion of the odontoid process cannot be well demonstrated?

The floor of the cranium includes all of the following bones except

A lateral projection of the hand in extension often recommended to evaluate

1. a fracture
2. a foreign body
3. soft tissue

in which of the following positions was the radiograph in Figure 2-9 taken

The structure indicated as number 4 in Figure 2-9 is the

The condition that results from a persistent fetal foramen ovale is

Which of the following projections or positions will best demonstrate subacromial or subcoracoid dislocation?

With the patient recumbent on the x-ray table with the head lower than the feel, the patient is said to be in the

Which of the following positions can be used to demonstrate the axillary ribs of the right thorax?

1. RAO
2. LAO
3. RPO

In which projection of the foot are the interspaces between the first and second cuniforms best demonstrated?

The sternal angle is at approximately the same level as the

Which of the following structures is (are) located in the right upper quadrant (RUQ)?

1. spleen
2. gallbladder
3. hepatic flexure

To demonstrate esophageal varices, the patient must be examined in

Which of the following statements regarding Figure 2-10 is (are) true?

1. correct degree of rotation is present
2. midphalanges are foreshortened
3. fingers are parallel to the IR

The tissue that occupies the central cavity within the shaft of a long in an adult is

All the following structures are associated with the posterior femur except

Which of the following projections of the ankle would best demonstrate the mortise?

Which of the following statements with respect to the PA chest seen in Figure 2-11 is (are) correct?

1. adequate inspiration is demonstrated
2. the shoulders are rolled forward adequately
3. rotation is demonstrated

Which of the following bony landmarks is in the same transverse plane as the symphysis pubis?

A radiolucent sponge can be placed under the patient's waist for a lateral projection of the lumbosacral spine to

1. make the vertebral column parallel with the IR
2. place the intervertebral disk spaces perpendicular to the IR
3. decrease the amount of SR reaching the IR

To reduce the amount of scattered radiation reaching the IR in CR/DR imaging of the lumbosacral region, which of the following is (are) recommended?

1. close collimation
2. lead mat on table posterior to the patient
3. decreased SID

Which of the following is (are) distal to the tibial plateau?

1. intercondyloid fossa
2. tibial condyles
3. tibial tuberosity

Evaluation criteria for a lateral projection of the humerus include

1. epicondyles parallel to the IR
2. lesser tubercle in profile
3. superimposed epicondyles

Which position of the shoulder demonstrates the lesser tubercle in profile medially?

With the patient in the PA position, which of the following tube angle and direction combinations is correct for an axial projection of the clavicle?

Which of the following fracture classifications describes a small bony fragment pulled from a bony process?

What portion of the humerus articulates with the ulna to help form the elbow joint?

Movement of a part toward the midline of the body is termed

During myelography, contrast medium is introduced into the

The junction of the sagittal and coronal sutures is the

Which of the following statements is (are) true regarding the radiograph in Figure 2-12?

1. The patient is placed in an RAO position.
2. The midcoronal plane is about 60 degrees to the IR.
3. The acromion process is free of superimposition.

Examples of synovial pivot articulations in the

1. atlantoaxial joint
2. radioulnar joint
3. temporomandibular joint

The lumbar transverse process is represented by what part of the "scotty dog" seen in a correctly positioned oblique lumbar spine?

An injury to a structure located on the side opposite that of the primary injury is referred to as

In which of the following positions can the sesamoid bones of the foot be demonstrated to be free of superimposition with the metatarsals or phalanges?

Which of the following conditions is limited specifically to the tibial tuberosity?

AP stress studies of the ankle may be performed

1. to demonstrated fractures of the distal tibia and fibula
2. following inversion or eversion injuries
3. to demonstrate a ligament tear

Which of the following is (are) part of the bony thorax?

1. Manubrium
2. Clavicles
3. 24 ribs

Aspirated foreign bodies in older children and adults are most likely to lodge in the

The PA chest radiograph shown in Figure 2-13 demonstrates

1. rotation
2. scapulae removed from lung fields
3. adequate inspiration

The letter B in Figure 2-13 indicates

With the patient seated at the end of the x-ray table, elbow flexed 80 degrees, and the CR directed 45 degrees laterally from the shoulder to the elbow joint, which of the following structures will be demonstrated best?

The structures forming the brain stem include

1. the pons
2. the medulla oblongata
3. the midbrain

The CR will parallel the intervertebral foramina in which if the following projections?

1. lateral cervical spine
2. lateral thoracic spine
3. lateral lumbar spine

What structure can be located midway between the anterosuperior iliac spine (ASIS) and pubic symphysis?

The structure labeled 3 in Figure 2-14 is the

Which of the following would best evaluate the structure labeled 4 in Figure 2-14?

Which of the following positions demonstrates the sphenoid sinuses?

1. modified Waters (mouth open)
2. lateral
3. PA axial

The radiograph shown in Figure 2-15 demonstrates the articulation between the

1. talus and the calcaneus
2. calcaneus and the cuboid
3. talus and the navicular

Identify the structure labeled 1 in the AP projection of the knee shown in Figure 2-16.

The articular facets of L5-S1 are best demonstrated in a(n)

The patient's chin should be elevated during a chest radiography to

The secondary center of ossification in long bones is the

Medial displacement of a tibial fracture would be best demonstrated in the

The lumbar lamina is represented by what part of the "scotty dog" seen in correctly positioned oblique lumbar spine view?

All of the following statements regarding the position shown in Figure 2-17 are true except

Which of the following positions would best demonstrate the proximal tibiofibular articulation?

At what level do the carotid arteries bifurcate?

During a double-contrast BE, which of the following positions would afford the best double-contrast visualization of the lateral wall of the descending colon and the medial wall of the ascending colon?

What is the structure indicated by the number 8 in Figure 2-18?

What is the structure indicated by the number 7 in Figure 2-18?

Which of the following conditions is often the result of ureteral obstruction or stricture?

Which of the following examinations involves the introduction of a radiopaque contrast medium through a uterine cannula?

All of the following statements regarding large bowel radiography are true except

In a lateral projection of the normal knee, the

1. fibular head should be somewhat superimposed on the proximal tibia.
2. patellofemoral joint should be visualized.
3. femoral condyles should be superimposed.

All elbow fat pads are best demonstrated in which position?

The term used to describe expectoration of blood from the bronchi is

Double-contrast examinations of the stomach or large bowel are performed to better visualize the

Which of the following are mediastinal structures?

1. Heart
2. Trachea
3. Esophagus

Which of the following statements is (are) true regarding the position illustrated in Figure 2-19?

1. The right (adjacent to the table) ureter is parallel to the IR
2. The left (elevated) kidney is parallel to the IR
3. The degree of obliquity should be about 30 degrees

In which position of the shoulder is the greater tubercle seen superimposed on the humeral head?

With the patient positioned as illustrated in Figure 2-20, which of the following structures is best demonstrated?

Which of the following structures is illustrated by the number 2 in Figure 2-21?

Which of the following articulations may be described as diarthrotic?

1. knee
2. intervertebral joints
3. Temporomandibular joint (TMJ)

Ulnar flexion/deviation will best demonstrate which carpal(s)?

What should be done to better demonstrate the coracoid process shown in Figure 2-22?

Structures comprising the neural, or vertebral, arch include

1. pedicles
2. lamina
3. body

In which type of fracture are the splintered ends of bone forced through the skin?

The thoracic apophyseal joints are demonstrated with the

Which of the following may be used to evaluate the glenohumeral joint?

1. scapular Y projection
2. inferosuperior axial
3. transthoracic lateral

The long, flat structures that project posteromedially from the pedicles are the

The type of ileus characterized by cessation of peristalsis is termed

Radiography of which if the following structure(s) in the AP or PA position will inherently result in an image demonstrating shape distortion of the anatomic part?

1. kidney
2. scapula
3. sigmoid

Which of the following procedures will best demonstrate the cephalic, basilica, and subclavian veins?

Which of the following statements is (are) correct with respect to the images shown in Figure 2-23?

1. Image A was made with cephalad angulation
2. Image B was made with cephalad angulation
3. Image A and B were made with CR directed 15 degrees cephalad

The bony habitus characterized by a long and narrow thoracic cavity and low midline stomach and gallbladder is the

Which of the following should be performed to rule out subluxation or fracture of the cervical spine?

Which of the following is proximal to the carpal bones?

Which of the following statements regarding the scapular Y projection of the shoulder is (are) true?

1. The midsagittal plane should be about 60 degrees to the IR
2. The scapular borders should be superimposed on humeral shaft
3. An oblique projection of the shoulder is obtained

Which of the following are characteristics of the hypersthenic body type?

1. short, wide, transverse heart
2. high and peripheral large bowel
3. diaphragm positioned low

Glossitis refers to inflammation of the

With the patient's head in a PA position and the CR directed 20 degrees cephalad, which part of the mandible will be best visualized?

During IV urography, the prone position generally is recommended to demonstrate

1. the filling of the ureters
2. the renal pelvis
3. the superior calyces

The plane that passes vertically through the body, dividing it into anterior and posterior halves, is termed the

To demonstrate a profile view of the glenoid fossa, the patient is AP recumbent and oblique 45 degrees

Which of the following anatomic structures is indicated by the number 1 in Figure 2-24?

During an air-contrast BE, in what part of the colon is air most likely to be visualized with the body in the AP recumbent position?

Central ray angulation may be required for

1. magnification of anatomic structures
2. foreshortening or self-superimposition
3. superimposition of overlaying structures

Which of the following is recommended to better demonstrate the tarsmetatarsal joints in a dorsoplantar projection of the foot?

Valid evaluation criteria for a lateral projection of the forearm requires that

1. the epicondyles be parallel to the IR
2. the radius and ulna be superimposed distally
3. the radial tuberosity should face anteriorly

Which of the following positions will provide an AP projection of the L5-S1 interspace?

Subject/object unsharpness can result from all of the following except when

Patients are instructed to remove all jewelry, hair clips, metal prostheses, coins, and credit cards before entering the room for an examination in

The true lateral position of the skull uses which of the following principles?

1. interpupillary line perpendicular to the IR
2. MSP perpendicular to the IR
3. infraorbitomeatal line (OML) parallel to the transverse axis of the IR

In which of the following positions was the radiograph shown in Figure 2-25 probably made?

A kyphotic curve is formed by which of the following?

1. sacral vertebrae
2. thoracic vertebrae
3. lumbar vertebrae

Which of the following is (are) required for a lateral projection of the skull?

1. the IOML is parallel to the IR
2. the MSP is parallel to the IR
3. the CR enters 3/4 inch superior and anterior to the EAM

That ossified portion of a long bone where cartilage has been replaced by bone is known as the

Which of the following positions will most effectively move the gallbladder away from the vertebrae in an asthenic patient?

The ileocecal valve normally is located in which of the following body regions?

Which of the following is (are) true regarding radiographic examination of the acromioclavicular joints?

1. the procedure is performed in the erect position
2. use of weights can improve demonstration of the joints
3. the procedure should be avoided if dislocation or separation is suspected

A type of cancerous bone tumor occurring in children and young adults and arising from bone marrow is

Arteries and veins enter and exit the medial aspect of each lung at the

Which of the following skull positions will demonstrate the cranial base, sphenoidal sinuses, atlas, and odontoid process?

Which of the following is (are) located on the anterior aspect of the femur?

1. patellar surface
2. intertrochanteric crest
3. linea aspera

An intrathecal injection is associated with which of the following examinations?

In figure 2-27, the structure indicated as number 7 is which of the following?

Which of the following statements is (are) correct with respect to evaluation criteria for a PA projection of the chest for lungs?

1. sternal extremities of clavicles are equidistant from vertebral borders
2. ten posterior ribs are demonstrated above the diaphragm
3. the esophagus is visible in the midline

In which of the following positions/projections will the talocalcaneal joint be visualized?

In the lateral projection of the ankle, the

1. talotibial joint is visualized
2. talofibular joint is visualized
3. tibia and fibula are superimposed

The position illustrated in the radiograph in Figure 2-28 may be obtained with the patient

1. supine and the CR angled 30 degrees caudad
2. supine and the CR angled 30 degrees cephalad
3. prone and the CR angled 30 degrees cephalad

All of the following positions are likely to be employed for both single- and double-contrast examinations of the large bowel except

Which of the following statements regarding the Norgaad method, "Ball-Catcher's position, "is (are) correct?

1. bilateral AP oblique hands are obtained
2. it is used for early detection of rheumatoid arthritis
3. the hands are oblique about 45 degrees palm up

Which of the following can be used to demonstrate the intercondyloid fossa?

1. prone, knee flexed 40 degrees, CR directed caudad 40 degrees to the popliteal fossa
2. supine, IR under flexed knee, perpendicular to tibia
3. prone, patella parallel to IR, heel rotated 5 to 10 degrees lateral, CR perpendicular to knee joint

The scapula shown in Figure 2-29 demonstrates

1. its posterior aspect
2. its costal surface
3. its sternal articular surface

In Figure 2-29, which of the following is represented by the number 3?

In Figure 2-29, which of the following is represented by the number 7?

With the patient in the PA position and the OML and CR perpendicular to the IR, the resulting radiograph will demonstrate the petrous pyramids

When evaluating a PA axial projection of the skull with a 15-degree caudal angle, the radiographer should see

1. petrous pyramids in the lower third of the orbits
2. equal distance from the lateral border of the skull to the lateral rim of the orbit bilaterally
3. symmetrical petrous pyramids

Which of the following barium-filled anatomic structures is best demonstrated in the LPO position?

The uppermost portion of the iliac crest is at approximately the same level as the

What is the position of the stomach in a hypersthenic patient?

In the anterior oblique position of the cervical spine, the structures best seen are the

During chest radiography, the act of inspiration

1. elevates the diaphragm
2. raises the ribs
3. depresses the abdominal viscera

In the lateral projection of the scapula, the

1. vertebral and axillary borders are superimposed
2. acromion and coracoid processes are superimposed
3. inferior angle is superimposed on the ribs

Which of the following statements is (are) true regarding Figure 2-30?

1. the image was made in the LAO position
2. the CR should enter more inferiorly
3. the sternum is projected onto the left side of the thorax

To better visualize the knee-joint space in the radiograph in Figure 2-31. the radiographer should

Which of the following is (are) demonstrated in an AP projection of the cervical spine?

1. intervertebral disk space
2. C3-7 cervical bodies
3. apophyseal joints

With which of the following does the trapezium articulate?

Which of the following statements is (are) true regarding a PA axial projection of the paranasal sinuses?

1. the OML is elevated 15 degrees from the horizontal
2. the petrous pyramids completely fill the orbits
3. the frontal and ethmoidal sinuses are visualized

Tracheotomy is an effective technique used to restore breathing when there is

To demonstrate the first two cervical vertebrae in the AP projection, the patient is positioned so that

For which of the following conditions is operative cholangiography a useful tool?

1. patency of the biliary ducts
2. biliary tract calculi
3. gallbladder calculi

For the average patient, the CR for a lateral projection of the barium-filled stomach should enter

Which of the following positions is obtained with the patient lying supine on the radiographic table with the CR directed horizontally to the iliac crest?

Which of the following is (are) appropriate techniques(s) for imaging a patient with a possible traumatic spine injury?

1. Instruct the patient to turn slowly and stop if anything hurts.
2. Maneuver the x-ray tube instead of moving patient.
3. Call for help and use the log-rolling method to turn the patient.

Which of the following positions is used to demonstrate vertical patellar fractures and the patellofemoral articulation?

The structure labeled 5 in Figure 2-32 is the

The structure labeled 4 in Figure 2-32 is the

Which of the following examinations is used to demonstrate vesicoureteral reflux?

Which of the following should be demonstrated in a true AP projection of the clavicle?

1. Clavicular body
2. Acromioclavicular joint
3. Sternocostal joint

In which of the following projections is the talofibular joint best demonstrated?

Free air in the abdominal cavity is best demonstrated in which of the following positions?

Which of the following sequences correctly describes the path of blood flow as it leaves the left ventricle?

Which of the following projections of the elbow should demonstrate the radial head free of ulnar superimposition?

Which of the following projections will best demonstrate acromioclavicular separation?

Which of the following statements regarding myelography is (are) correct?

1. Spinal puncture may be performed in the prone or flexed lateral position.
2. Contrast medium distribution is regulated through x-ray tube angulation.
3. The patient's neck must be in extension during Trendelenburg positions.

The term that refers to parts away from the source or beginning is

With the patient PA, the MSP centered to the grid, the OML forming a37- degree angle with the IR, and the CR perpendicular and exiting the acanthion, which of the following is the best demonstrated?

The inhalation of liquid or solid particles into the nose, throat, or lungs is referred to as

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) usually involves

1. cannulation of the hepatopancreatic ampulla
2. introduction of contrast medium into the common bile duct
3. introduction of barium directly into the duodenum

Which of the following is (are) associated with a Colles' fractures?

1. Transverse fracture of the radial head
2. Chip fracture of the ulnar styloid
3. Posterior or backward displacement

The axiolateral, or horizontal beam, projection of the hip requires the IR to be placed

1. parallel to the central ray (CR)
2. parallel to the long axis of the femoral neck.
3. in contact with the lateral surface of the body

Which of the following guidelines should be followed when performing radiographic examinations on pediatric patients?

Which of the following interventional procedures can be used to increase the diameter of a stenosed vessel?

1. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA)
2. Stent placement
3. Peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC line)

Important considerations for radiographic examinations of traumatic injuries to the upper extremity include

1. the joint closest to the injured site should be supported during movement of the limb.
2. both joints must be included in long bone studies.
3. two views, at 90 degrees to each other, are required.

Correct preparation for a patient scheduled for an upper gastrointestinal (GI) series is most likely to be

The contraction and expansion of arterial walls in accordance with forceful contraction and relaxation of the heart are called

AP Trendelenburg position  is often used during an upper GI examination to demonstrate

Which of the following positions would be the best choice for  a right shoulder examination to rule out fracture?

Which of the following projections will best demonstrate the tarsal navicular free of superimposition?

Which of the following bones participates(s) in the formation of the obturator foramen?

1. Ilium
2. Ischium
3. Pubis

Which of the following radiologic procedures requires that contrast medium be injected into the renal pelvis via a catheter placed within the ureter?

The AP projection of the coccyx requires that the CR be directed.

1. 15 degrees cephalad
2. 2 inches superior to the public symphysis
3. to a level midway between the ASIS and pubis symphysis

Which of the following views would best demonstrate arthritic changes in the knees?

Which of the following positions will demonstrate the lumbosacral apophyseal articulation?

Which of the following statements is (are) true regarding the images shown in figure 2-33?

1. Image A is positioned in internal rotation.
2. Image B is positioned in internal rotation.
3. The greater tubercle is better demonstrated in image A

Which of the following will best demonstrate the size and shape of the liver and kidneys?

Correct preparation for a patient scheduled for a lower GI series is most likely to be

The AP axial projection, or "frog leg" position, of the femoral neck places the  patient in a supine position with the affected thigh

Which of the following precautions should be observed when radiography  a patient who has sustained a traumatic injury to the hip?

1. When a fracture is suspected, manipulation of the affective extremity should be performed by a physician.
2. The AP axiolateral projection should be avoided.
3. To evaluate the entire region, the pelvis typically is included in the initial examination.

Which of the following projections require(s)
that the humeral epicondyles be perpendicular to the IR?

1. AP humerus
2. Lateral forearm
3. Internal rotation shoulder

Prior to the start of an IVU, which of the following procedures should be carried out?

1. Have patient empty the bladder.
2. Review the patient's allergy history.
3. Check the patient's creatinine level.

To demonstrate the entire circumference of the radial head, exposure(s) must be made with the

1. epicondyles perpendicular to the cassette
2. hand pronated and supinated as much as possible
3. hand lateral and in internal rotation

The image shown in Figure 2-34 was made in what position?

In myelography, the contrast medium generally is injected into the

To evaluate the interphalangeal joints in the oblique and lateral positions, the fingers

Which of the following is (are) effective in reducing exposure to sensitive tissues for frontal views during scoliosis examinations?

1. use of PA position
2. use of breast shields
3. use of compensating filtration

Which type of articulation is evaluated in arthrography?

The laryngeal prominence is formed by the

In the AP projection of the ankle, the

1. plantar surface of the foot id vertical
2. fibula projects more distally than the tibia
3. calcaneus is well visualized

Which of the following examinations most likely would be performed to diagnose Wilm's tumor?

To visualize or "open" the right sacroiliac joint, the patient is positioned

Deoxygenated blood from the head and thorax is returned to the heart by the

Which of the following women is likely to have the most homogeneous glandular breast tissue?

Standard radiographic protocols may be reduced to include two views, at right angles to each other, in which of the following situations?

Which of the following is a condition in which an occluded blood vessel stops blood flow to a portion of the lungs?

Following the ingestion of a fatty meal, what hormone is secreted by the duodenal mucosa to stimulate contraction of the gallbladder?

Which of the following projections is most likely to demonstrate the carpal pisiform free of superimposition?

Myelography is a diagnostic examination used to demonstrate

1. internal disk lesions
2. posttraumatic swelling of the spinal cord
3. posterior disk herniation

Which of the following blood chemistry levels must the radiographer check prior to excretory urography?

1. creatinine
2. blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
3. red blood cells (RBCs)

Which of the following are components of a trimalleolar fracture?

1. fractured lateral malleolus
2. fractured medial malleolus
3. fractured posterior tibia

The functions of which body system include mineral homeostasis, protection, and triglyceride storage?

The four major arteries supplying the brain include the

1. brachiocephalic artery
2. common carotid arteries
3. vertebral arteries

Ingestion of barium sulfate is contraindicated in which of the following situations?

1. suspected perforation of a hollow viscus
2. suspected large bowel obstruction
3. preoperative patients

Which of the following is a major cause of bowel obstruction in children?

Which of the following is (are) well demonstrated in the lumbar spine shown in Figure 2-35?

1. apophyseal articulations
2. intervertebral foramina
3. inferior articular processes

Which of the following statements is (are) correct, with respect to a left lateral projection of the chest?

1. The MSP must be perfectly vertical and parallel to the IR.
2. The right posterior ribs will be projected slightly posterior to the left posterior ribs.
3. Arms must be raised high to prevent upper-arm soft-tissue superimposition on lung field.

Which of the following is represented by the number 3 in Figure 2-36?

Which of the following bones participate(s) in the formation of the knee joint?

1. femur
2. tibia
3. patella

All of the following are palpable bony landmarks used in radiography of the pelvis except

Lateral deviation of the nasal septum may be best demonstrated in the

Which of the following structures should be visualized through the foramen magnum in an AP axial projection (Towne method) of the skull for occipital bone?

1. posterior clinoid processes
2. dorsum sella
3. posterior arch of C1

What is the structure labeled number 5 in Figure 2-37?

What is the structure labeled number 3 in Figure 2-37?

In the anterior oblique position of the cervical spine, the CR should be directed

Which of the following is a functional study used to demonstrate the degree of AP motion present in the cervical spine?

If a patient's zygomatic arch has been traumatically depressed or the patient has flat cheekbones, the arch may be demonstrated by modifying the SMV projection and rotating the patient's head

Which of the following factors can contribute to hypertension?

1. obesity
2. smoking
3. stress

What is the degree of difference between the baseline numbered 2 and 3 in Figure 2-38 and used for various projections of the skull?

Referring to Figure 2-38, which of the following positions requires that baseline number 3 be parallel to the IR?

Orthoroentgenography, or radiographic measurement of long bones of an upper or lower extremity, requires which of the following accessories?

1. Bell-Thompson scale
2. Bucky tray
3. Cannula

Which of the following is (are) demonstrated in a lateral projection of the cervical spine?

1. intervertebral foramina
2. apophyseal joints
3. intervertebral joints

In a lateral projection of the nasal bones, the CR is directed

To make a patient as comfortable as possible during a single-contrast barium enema (BE), the radiographer should

1. instruct the patient to relax the abdominal muscles to prevent intra-abdominal pressure
2. instruct the patient to concentrate on breathing deeply to reduce colonic spasm 
3. prepare a warm barium suspension (98-105*F) to aid in retention

Which of the following positions will best demonstrate the right apophyseal articulations of the lumbar vertebrae?

Structures involved in blowout fractures include the

1. orbital floor
2. inferior rectus muscle
3. zygoma

Inspiration and expiration projections of the chest are performed to demonstrate

1. partial or complete collapse of pulmonary lobe(s)
2. air in the pleural cavity
3. foreign body

Shoulder arthrography is performed to

1. evaluate humeral luxation
2. demonstrate complete or partial rotator cuff tear
3. evaluate the glenoid labrum

Which of the following positions will separate the radial head, neck, and tuberosity from superimposition on the ulnar?

The most significant risk factor for breast cancer is

Which of the following structures is located at the level of the interspace between the second and third thoracic vertebrae?

For the AP projection of the scapula, the

1. patient's arm is abducted at right angles to the body.
2. patient's elbow is flexed with the hand supinated.
3. exposure is made during quiet breathing.

The innominate bone is located in the

The sternoclavicular joints are best demonstrated with the patient PA and

Which of the following sinus groups is demonstrated with the patient positioned as for a parietoacanthal projection (Waters method) with the CR directed through the patient's open mouth?

Below-diaphragm ribs are better demonstrated when

Which of the following positions is essential in radiography of the paranasal sinuses?

What projection of the os calsis is obtained with the leg extended, the plantar surface of the foot vertical and perpendicular to the IR, and the CR directed 40 degrees cephalad?

During GI radiography, the position of the stomach may vary depending on

1. the respiratory phase
2. body habitus
3. patient position

With a patient in the PA position and the OML perpendicular to the table, a 15- to 20-degree caudal angulation would place the petrous ridges in the lower third of the orbit. To achieve the same result in a baby or a small child, it is necessary for the radiographer to modify the angulation to

The structure labeled number 6 in Figure 2-39 is the

The structure labeled number 3 in Figure 2-39 is the

In the lateral projection of the foot, the

1. plantar surface should be perpendicular to the IR
2. metatarsals are superimposed
3. talofibular joint should be visualized

Hy

Hysterosalpingography may be performed for demonstration of

1. uterine tubal patency
2. mass lesions in the uterine cavity
3. uterine position

The number 2 in Figure 2-40 represents which of the following structures?

To demonstrate the mandibular body on the PA position, the

Which of the following equipment is necessary for ERCP?

1. A fluoroscopic unit with imaging device and tilt-table capabilities
2. A fiberoptic endoscope
3. Polyethylene catheters

All of the following statements regarding pediatric positioning are true except

The act of expiration will cause the

1. diaphragm to move inferiorly
2. sternum and ribs to move inferiorly
3. diaphragm to move superiorly

A patient unable to extend his or her arm is seated at the end of the x-ray table, elbow flexed 90 degrees. The CR is directed 45 degrees medially. Which of the following structures will be demonstrated best?

1. radial head
2. capitulum
3. coronoid process

Which of the following articulate(s) with the bases of the metatarsals?

1. the heads of the first row of phalanges
2. the cuboid
3. the cuneiforms

Which of the following statements regarding knee x-ray arthrography is (are) true?

1. ligament tears can be demonstrated
2. sterile technique is observed
3. MRI can follow x-ray

What projection was used to obtain the image seen in Figure 2 -41?

The structure labeled number 4 in Figure 2-41 is the

The structure labeled number 5 in Figure 2-41 is the

Which of the following is demonstrated in a 25-degree RPO position with the CR entering 1 inch medial to the elevated ASIS?

The relationship between the ends of fractures long bones is referred to as

A lateral projection of the larynx is occasionally required to rule out foreign body, polyps, or tumor. The CR should be directed