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Micrococcus
- -bacteria (gram+), cocci
- -normal flora, but can be opportunistic
- -found on skin/soil
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Enterococcus
- -bacteria (gram+), cocci
- -normal flora in GI tract
- -cause of nosocomial infections, VRE
- -uti, blood, etc.
- -found in GI tract and vaginal canal
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Bacillus
- -bacteria (gram+), bacilli
- -Anthrax
- -food poisoning
- -found in soil
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Lactobacillus
- -bacteria (gram+), bacilli
- -normal flora
- -probiotic
- -found in GI tract
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Listeria
- -bacteria (gram+), bacilli
- -Listeriosis, deadly food poisoning
- -found in soil, water, meat and dairy
- -pasteurization helps kill
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Corynebacterium
- -bacteria (gram+), bacilli
- -Diphtheria
- -upper respiratory tract infection
- -found in oropharynx or skin
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Clostridium
- -bacteria (gram+), bacillus
- -botulism (neurotoxin/serious food poisoning)
- -c-diff
- -gas gangrene (myonecrosis)
- -tetanus
- -found in soil and feces
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Propionibacterium
- -bacteria, gram+, bacilli
- -causes acne
- -infected humans are reservoirs, but not likely transmissible
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Staphylococcus
- -bacteria, gram+, cocci
- -infected hair follicles, boils, carbuncles
- -seeding into bloodstream can cause pnemonia, sepsis, etc
- -impetigo (pus filled blisters) occurs in children and neonates
- -infected humans are reservoirs, draining lesion
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Peptostreptococcus
- -bacteria, gram+, cocci
- -normal flora in GI tract
- -opportunistic & cause various infections such as abscess, oral infection, appendicitis
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Streptococcus
- -bacteria, gram+, coccus
- -causes strep throat, impetigo, scarlet fever, erysipelas, necrotizing faciitis, pink eye, otitis media
- - found in humans, skin and respiratory droplets
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Actinomyces
- -bacteria, gram+
- -look like fungus, forms branches of hyphae
- -normal present in gingival area, common infection of dental procedures
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Neisseria
- -bacteria, gram-, coccus
- -gonorrhea
- -infected humans are reservior
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Bordetella
- -bacteria, gram -, coccobacillus
- -"whopping cough," pertussis
- -infected humans are reservoirs
- -transmission through resp. droplets
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Pseudomonas
- -bacteria, gram -, bacilli
- -opportunistic pathogen
- -produce bacteria killing proteins (bacteriocin)
- -drug resistant
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Acinetobacter
- -bacteria, gram -
- -associated with healthcare acquired infections, rarely seen outside healthcare setting
- -opportunistic
- -varied infections from pnemonia to wounds
- -found in soil and water
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Bacteriodes
- -bacteria, gram -
- -indigenous microflora (mainly in colon)
- -can cause brain abscess, liver abscess, intra-abdominal infections
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Fusobacterium
- -bacteria, gram -, bacilli
- -commonly cause peridontal infections (gingivitis) and plaque
- -can also cause brain and liver abscess, intra-abdominal infections
- -indigenous microflora
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Veillonella
- -bacteria, gram -, cocci
- -not usually pathogenic
- -plaque
- -forms biofilms with other microbes
- -indigenous microflora of oral cavity and gut
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Chlamydia
- -bacteria, gram -
- -causes Chlamydia, most common STD
- -infected humans are reservoirs
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Treponema
- -bacteria, gram -, spirochete
- -causes Syphilis which occurs in 4 stages
- -infected humans are reservoirs
- -transmission occurs via direct contact
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Borrelia
- -bacteria, gram -, spirochete
- -causes Lyme disease, Relapsing fever
- -most common arthropod born disease in US
- -ticks, rodents(esp deer mice), and mammals(esp deer) are reservoirs
- -transmission via tick bite
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Brucella
- -bacteria, gram-
- -causes Brucellosis (Bangs disease, milk sickness)
- -commonly transmitted through unpastuerized dairy
- -category B potential biological terrorism agent
- -cattle, swine, goats are reservoirs
- -transmission through contaminated milk (most common), cuts, mucous membranes, inhalation
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Pasturella
- -bacteria, gram -, coccobacillus
- -causes Pasterellosis
- -found in oral cavities of animals
- -transmitted via bites and scratches
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Legionella
- -bacteria, gram -, bacillus
- -causes Legionellosis (Legionnaire's disease-acute bacterial pneumonia 40% mortality, Pontiac fever)
- -environmental water sources are reservoirs
- -transmission has also occured via aerosols produced by vegetable misting
- -not transmitted person to person
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Vibrio
- -bacteria, gram -, vibrio shaped bacilli
- -Cholera (acute diarrheal disease, rapid dehydration), more than 50% untreated die
- -most cases involved undercooked seafood from coastal waters
- -vibrios are halophilic (salt loving), found in marine environments
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Camplyobacter
- -bacteria, gram -, spiral shaped bacilli
- -causes Camplyobacter enteritis (food poisoning), enteric disease ranging from asymptomatic to diarrhea, vomiting, nausea, abd pain
- -major cause of bacterial diarrhea in the US
- -animals are reservoirs, most raw poultry is contaminated
- -transmission via contaminated food, water, animal
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Haemophilus
- -bacteria, gram -, coccobacilli
- -H. Influenzae, HIB can cause meningitis and acute respiratory infections including pneumonia (esp in children)
- -H. ducreyi is cause of chancroid (an STI)
- -infected humans are reservoirs
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Helicobacter
- -bacteria, gram -, bacillus
- -H. pylori can cause chronic gastritis and duodenal ulcers
- -the only bacteria to grow in acidic stomach
- -infected humans are reservoirs
- -transmission oral-oral or fecal-oral
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Escherichia coli
- -bacteria, gram -, bacilli
- -produce cytotoxins
- -Enterohemorrhagic diarrhea and enterotoxigenic diarrhea (traveler's diarrhea)
- -hamburger meat with cattle feces
- -reservoirs are cattle and infected humans
- -transmission via fecal-oral, inadequately cooked contaminated beef, unpastuerized milk, person to person
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Shigella
- -bacteria, gram-, bacilli
- -causes shigellosis (bacillary dysentery, marlow syndrome)
- -infects lining of small and large intestine
- -diarrhea with blood, pus, mucous
- -infected humans are reservoirs, fecal-oral transmission, fecally contanimated food/water, flies can transfer organisms to food
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Salmonella
- -bacteria, gram -, bacilli
- -causes Salmonellosis: gastroenteritis with abd pain, diarrhea
- -causes Typhoid fever: systemic bacterial disease
- -wild and domestic animals act as reservoirs, reptiles, etc
- -transmission occurs via ingestion of contaminated food/water, fecal-oral
- -infected humans are reservoirs for Typhoid
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Klebsiella
- -bacteria, gram -
- -found in human intestine
- -causes nosocomial infections, usually respiratory and uti
- -major cause of pnemonia
- -has antimicrobial resistance
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Enterobacter
- -bacteria, gram -, rod shaped
- -nosocomial, opportunistic
- -resistant to antibiotics
- -found in intestine, soil, water, dairy
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Serratia
- -bacteria, gram -, bacilli shaped
- -causes nosocomial infections
- -tend to colonize in respiratory and urinary tracts
- -fun fact**Serratia was once considered non pathogenic, in 1950, the Navy conducted experiment "Operation Seaspray" to look at wind currents with potential bio warfare...broke ballons with microbe and noticed increase in uti's and pneumonia
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Proteus
- -bacteria, gram -, bacilli shaped
- -nosocomial and opportunistic
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Yersinia
- -bacteria, gram -, coccobacillus
- -causes Plague
- -bubonic plague: swollen lymph nodes
- -pneumonic plague: respiratory, devastating epidemics
- -septicemic plague: septic shock, meningitis, death
- -reservoirs: wild rodents and their fleas
- -transmission via flea bite and droplet
- -severe zoonosis
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Coliforms
-E. coli and other lactose fermenting members of family Enterobacteriacaea: Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Serratia
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Rickettsis
- -bacteria, gram -
- -causes Rocky mountain spotted fever (Tickborne Typhus fever)
- -Endemic typhus fever (fleaborne)
- -Epidemic typhus fever (louse borne, "cooties")
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Mycoplasm
- -bacteria, gram -
- -lacks cell walls
- -causes primary atypical pneumonia
- -infected humans are reservoirs
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Mycobacterium
- -bacterium, gram + to gram variable
- -causes tuberculosis
- -infected humans usually reservoirs
- -bovine tb from infected cattle/dairy
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Ehrlichia
- -bacteria, gram -, coccobacilli
- -live within leukocytes
- -causes ehrlichiosis, HME and HGE
- -influenza-like illness, asymptomatic to life threatening
- -reservoir unknown, transmission via tick bite
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Anaplasma
- -bacteria, gram -
- -live within leukocytes
- -causes anaplasmosis, HE
- -tick borne
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