The Kingdom Fungi include both _____ & _____ organisms.
D. multicellular & unicellular
The important roles that the Kingdom Fungi participate with are _____ & ______.
C. decomposition & medicine
The fungi can be ______ or disease causing.
D. pathogenic
All fungi in the kingdom possess cell walls of _____.
C. chitin
The Kingdom Fungi possess ____ with function in _______ & _______.
B. hyphae, absorption, reproduction
The picture above is an example of ______.
Absorptive hyphae
The 3 kinds of Fungi are what?
D. Ascomycetes, Zygomycetes, Basidomycetes
The figure above is of a _________ & is ________.
Zygomycetes, asexual
Zygomycetes can reproduce both _____ & ____.
B. sexually & asexually
The structures to know on the zygomycetes the _______ w/ spores (produced via mitosis) and the _______ (stick-like things).
B. sporangium, hyphae
Sexual reproduction in a zygomycetes happens via ______.
B. meiosis
The image is of a ________ (________).
B. zygomycetes, sexual
In the above image, the blue connected to the black circle is the _____ (each one is haploid - n) and the black circle is the _____ (formed from 2 haploid hyphae (n+n = 2n)) _________ is diploid (2n); will undergo meiosis to produce haploid spores)
hyphae, zygosporangium, zygosporangium
Ascomycetes includes all of the following fungus except:
E. bread molds
Zygomycetes fungus are:
B. bread molds
Basidiomycetes fungi include all of the following except:
F. morels
The three major functions of the ascomycetes are __1___ (fruiting body), __2___ (finger-like things which produce the ____3___ (the dark spots at the end of __2___). Fill in the blanks with the correct terms.
C. 1-ascocarp, 2-asci, 3- spores
Starting from the top of the image, the dark blue represents the ____, the regular blue represents the ______, and the sponge-like section at the bottom is the _______.
C. spores, asci, ascocarp
Basidiomycetes have club-shaped reproductive structures called _____.
basidia
This is a picture of a close up of the edge of a _______/_______. The pinkish oval at the top is the _______/ __________ and the blue part with what looks like a face on it is the ______.
gill/ basidiocarp; spores/basidiospores; basidia;
________ lives symbiotically in a mass of fungal hyphae, and encrust rocks or trees.
Lichens
_______/_______ are named because they produce an embryo and evolved from aquatic green algae. The embryo itself is an adaptation that allowed plants to reproduce out of water and colonize the land.
Land plants or embryophytes
_______ are a group of embryophytes that have a vascular tissue to efficiently transport fluids throughout the plant. This adaptation allows these plants to grow larger because fluids can be lifted to great heights via the vascular tissue.
Vascular plants
_______ are a group of vascular plants that produce _____ (which contain embryo), have pollen as the male gametophyte, and sperm delivery via a pollen tube--all adaptations that allow for survival, reproduction, and dispersal in dry environments.
Seed plants; seeds
______ are seed plants that produce flowers and fruits--adaptations that allow for efficient pollination and seed dispersal.
Angiosperms
______ lack flowers and fruits.
Gymnosperms
What does a phylogenetic tree illustrate?
the relationship between organisms
Bryophytes, such as liverworts & mosses are land plants that lack a well-organized _______ ______.
vascular system
_______ are restricted to moist environments and do not grow more than a few centimeters tall.
Bryophytes
________ are nonvascular, seedless plants that are small and restricted to watery environments. They have thin cell walls and their lifecycle is dominated by gametophyte generation (N). It has two important structures: ________ - undifferentiated vegetative tissue and _______ - root-like structures that anchor the plant & have absorptive role.
Bryophytes; Thallus; Rhizoids
______ and relatives are vascular, seedless plants. Their lifecycle is dominated by the Sporophyte Generation (2N). They produce swimming sperm but they are consequently restricted to very humid, very moist environments.
Ferns
The top of this image is representing the _______ and the root-like objects attached to the above part of the image are the _______.
thallus; rhizoids
The structures of the fern that you should know are:
B. frond, rhizome, roots
______ or naked seed plants; represented by Conifers -- Fir, Pine, Cedar, Juniper, etc. Their leaves are modified into needles or scales.
Gymnosperms
______, or seed in a vessel plants: aka the flowering, fruiting plants; represents the majority of plant diversity.
Angiosperms
The 2 kinds of angiosperms are _____ (1 cotyledon) and ______ (2 cotyledons).
monocots; eudicot
Bryophytes are _______ & _______.
Mosses and liverworts
_____ are land plants which lack a well-organized vascular system and thick cell wall. This restricts them to a small size and moist environments. The basic parts include the thallus and rhizoids. Thallus: the undifferentiated vegative tissue which serves similar functions as the basic plant. Rhizoids are root-like structures which anchor the plant in place.
liverworts
_____ & _____ were the first group of plants to have a well developed vascular system. Thiss allowed them to move farther inland. ____ still rely on water for reproduction, so they are still restricted to moist, humid environments.
Ferns & Kin; Ferns
The leaf on the fern above is the ____ or the sporophyte
Frond
The black dots on the leaf are the _____ which are reproductive structures which produce spores
Sori
______ & ______ produce pollen containing sperm that is transported to the egg, reproduce in dry environments.
gymnosperms and angiosperms
________ have all of the characteristics that bryophytes and ferns have, but they also have seeds, pollen as the male gametophyte, sperm deliverd via a pollen tube, stems with secondary growth, and these characteristics allow ____ to move far away from water and inhabit most regions of the earth.
Gymnosperms
This image is an example of a ________. It's leaves are represented as needles and has advantages like temperature control, restricted water loss, and longer exposure
gymnosperm
This is an example of a ____ with leaves like _____. It has advantages that are temperature control, restricted water loss, and longer exposure
gymnosperms; scales
_______ produce flowers and fruits, and are the majority of plant diversity. They have two groups: _______ -one cotelydon and _____- two cotelydon.
Angiosperms; monocots; eudicots;
This would be an example of a _____.
Angiosperms
______ can be composed of: apical meristem and lateral meristem.
stems
_______ are areas at the tips of stems where cells are dividing by the process of mitosis causing the plant to get taller (primary growth)
Apical Meristem
______ are areas in the stem where cell are dividing by the process of mitosis causing the plant to get wider (secondary growth)
Lateral Meristem
_______ have parallel venation.
Monocots
______ can only have parallel venation
Monocots
______ have netted venation
Eudicots
The ______ function is to support leaves & flowers, transport water & mineral nutrients from the soil to the plant, and transport sugar from leaves to plant.
stem
One characteristic of the Kingdom Fungi is they have a cell wall composed of ______
chitin
Multicellular fungi consist mostly of threadlike filaments called ________, that extends into food sources.
hyphae
Reproductive hyphae produce _____ for reproduction and dispersal.
spores
Name an example from the group of zygomycetes
bread molds
Most fungi can reproduce _______.
asexually and sexually
For asexual reproduction, spores are produced via ____.
mitosis
______ are typically found encrusting rocks and tree branches
lichens
_____ refers to the chemical reactions that occur in leaves.
Photosynthesis
Evaporation of water from the leaves of plants is called _____.
Transpiration
Name the type of plants that produce flowers and fruit.
angiosperms, eudicot monocots
Which is a type of non-vascular seedless plant (bryophyte)?
B. liverwort & moss
Gymnosperms and Angiosperms produce _____, a tiny waterproof capsule in which sperm are produced.
pollen
Wen referring to leaves, what is the layer of wax that coats the epidermal cells?
cuticle
A structure on the leaf, name the pore created when guard cells become turgid.
stoma
The function of roots are ____ & ____.
anchorage & absorption of water
What is the main reproductive structure common to all plants?
sporangium
The life cycle of plants is characterized by alternation of generations between a multicellular _____ stage and a multicellular haploid stage.
