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What action below would be most keeping with the ALARA principle while performing a diagnostic ultrasound examination?
Complete diagnostic scan in a timely fashion at the lowest output power that achieves a quality image.
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During performance of an obstetrical ultrasound exam, you adjust the system parameters to improve the image. Which of the following parameters would increase acoustic exposure?
Increase transmitting power
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While performing a sonogram, to minimize risk to the fetus, which imaging mode tradeoff would be most applicable?
Use M mode instead of pulsed wave Doppler to measure the fetal heart rate.
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What potential bioeffect occurs through absorption of sound energy by tissue?
Heating
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When practicing universal precautions, you should do all of the following EXCEPT:
Wash gloves between exams for reuse from one patient to another.
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A nosocomial infection is defined as one that is:
Hospital acquired.
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Thermally induced biological effects should be preventable by avoiding a local tissue temperature increase exceeding:
1° C
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Which intensity descriptor has the lowest numerical value for the characterization of pulsed-wave ultrasonic field?
SATA
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Increased tissue heating could occur when you:
Increases transmit power
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A study designed to determine if there is an association between an adverse effect in a population and exposure to a particular agent is an?
Epidemiological study
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Which of the following action is not compliant with HIPAA?
Reviewing your neighbor's medical studies on you hospital PACS system so you can give her your opinion of her condition
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What does the mechanical index indicate on an ultrasound system?
The likelihood of cavitation during an ultrasound exam
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In medicine, what do the initial PHI indicated?
Protected health information
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What should you limit when the thermal index exceeds 1°?
Exposure time
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To practice the ALARA principle, which of the following techniques should you employ?
Use the lowest transmit power that allows adequate tissue visualization.
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The thermal index indicates:
Estimated temperature increase in tissue
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Which operator control most directly adjusts the intensity of the transmitted pulse?
Acoustic output transmit power
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Which of the following would show the highest intensity value?
SPTP
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Which intensity parameter is not applicable for continuous-wave ultrasound?
SPPA and SAPA
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Which of the following would most likely have the highest SPTA value?
PW Doppler
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Using a hydrophone, you can measure:
Pressure amplitude and Duty factor
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Which of the following parameters relates to tissue heating?
Absorption
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Which of the following occurs when you use the maximum system gain? Increase tissue heating. Increase risk of cavitation. Fluid particle streaming. Increased sound absorption.
None of the above
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You are performing a sonogram and notice that the thermal index (TI) is greater than 1. Any increase in a temperature would be greatest in:
Bone
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The motion of particles in a fluid is sometimes observed in an intense ultrasound beam. This is termed:
Acoustic streaming
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You are performing a sonogram and notice that the TI reading is 1. What does this indicate?
The output limit is high enough that temperature could increase as much as 1°C if the transducer were held stationary.
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What sonographic application has the lowest FDA-approved SPTA values?
Ophthalmic
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The following advantage is associated with use of the MI and TI indices:
Information is available on the screen to help the sonographer implement the ALARA principle.
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When scanning with pulsed-wave Doppler, you would affect the acoustic exposure by changing which of the following?
Pulse repetition frequency
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What should you do to avoid nosocomial and cross-infection with sonographic probes?
Probe cleaning should always precede high level disinfection.Disinfection using a germicide compatible with the tranducer is indicated when the probe is in contact with mucous membranes.
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