Social Justice

• Getting what one deserves.
• Rawls state "justice is the forst virtue of social institutions. We have a right to it.
• Rawls states Justice is fairness

• Freedom is the only social Virtue
• Friedman and other Libertarians regard freedom as the preeminant social virtue, as being superior in importance to equality and evrything else.
• Conflicts with equality.
• To work toward equality involves taking assets away from people who have justly aquired them.

• State should be kept to a minimum and the only legitimate function is to enforce contracts and perhaps ru the military.
• Is not reflected in any capitalist society.
• Libertarians believe government should not be able to tax us.

• Nozick
• If a piece of property eas not privately owned and you aquired it justly, or if it did not exist and you created it in a just manner, you are entitled to it and no one has the right to take it from you.

No means of economic distribution is morally justified. The problem with redistributing wealth according to Nozick is that in order to achieve equality you have to take from some people and give to others which violates their rights.

• No one ought to harm another in his life, liberty, health or posessions.
• Liberty is all about the individual.

First principle....Each person has the same absolute claim to equal basic liberties.

Second principle....Social and economic inequalities are to satisfy two conditions

1 are to attached offices and positions open to all under conditions of fair equality of opportunity

2 are to be the greatest benefit to the least advantaged members of society (the difference principle)

• Maximum possible happiness of society as a whole
• John Stuart Mills and Jeremy Bentham
• It is a normative theory (what it should be not what it actually is)
• All that matters to utilitarinism is the total amount of happiness even if it is unevenly distributed

women be given equal and the same right as men these rights then protect the liberty and status of women as equal persons under the law

Wages + salaries

also rent, interest, dividends, profits

Value of things a person owns

property, business assets, cars, investments, cash deposits

• Relative-set according to everyone else’s incomes
• will increase as incomes increase

• Absolute-a fixed dollar amount
• calculated by what someone needs to survive
• usually increased in line with inflation

Economic

Social- income security, health, social/public housing, education and services

Preservation of the capitalist system

Concern for injustice within the capitalist system

"certain general conditions that are...equally to everyone's advantage“ (Rawls)

• •different relative values
• •‘free riders’ – those who choose not to participate but still benefit
• •individualism
• •unequal sharing of burdens

• assistance makes situation worse eg “sit down” money
• encouraged self-interest- rights and responsibilities
• social division- beneficiaries vs tax payers
• social exclusion

Designed to preserve and protect the autonomy of a person

designed to preserve and protect an individuals inclination for communal attachments and associations

the positive steps taken to increase the representation of women and minorities in areas of employment, education, and business from which they have historically been excluded

• assists in promoting equal opportunity
• increases ethnic or other forms of diversity
• a means to compensate for past persecution or exploitation

• A form of reverse racism
• may lead to lower standard less competence, and inefficency in the tasks and skills necessary
• hinders reconciliation
• undermines the achievements of minorities
• an increase in racial tension

• equality regardless of gender
• disadvantage based on gender is unacceptable

• rights arise out of a patriachal society, and therefore biased
• public/private dichotomy flawed -justice is not neutral
• notion of rights in terms of regulation vs caring

• connot exclude difference
• need to consider cultural and genetic differences

• a) Killing members of the group
• b) Causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of the group
• c) Deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of life calculated to bring about its physical destruction part or in whole
• d) imposing measures to prevent birth within the group
• e) Forcible transferring children of the group to another group

the exemption from accounability, penalty, punishment or legal sanction for perpetrators of illegal acts

the institutional structures of the state

specific procedure and structures adopted to prevent criminal investigation and prosecution

manipulation of fear, distrust and isolation among citizens