The edge of life; The boundary that encloses a living cell
A description of membrane structure depicting a cellular membrane as a mosaic of diverse protein molecules embedded in a fluid bilayer of phospholipid molecules is ____?
Fluid Mosaic
What is it called that allows some substances to cross more easily that others?
only in eukaryotes; is the compartmentalization of organelles and location of enzymes for metabolism and photosynthesis
Phospholipids are ___?
Key ingredients of biological membranes. Were among the first organic molecules formed from chemical reactions on early earth
The movement of molecules from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration is ___?
diffusion
A region along which the density of a chemical substance increases or decreases. Cells often maintain _______ ________ of ions across their membranes. When a gradient exists, substances tend to move from where they are more concentrated to where they are less concentrated
concentration gradient
When a cell doesn't have to work when molecules diffuse across it's membrane is called ____?
passive transport
Materials diffuse _____ a concentration gradient
down
Speed depends on _____ and _____.
speed; temperature
What has a hydrophobic center and hydrophilic outer?
integral protein/ amphipathic
Diffusion using integral proteins is ____?
facilitated diffusion
Facilitated diffusion is important for ___?
water, polar molecules, and ions
The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane is ____.
Osmosis
A solution that has more solute than water is ____?
hypertonic
A solution that has less solute than water is ____?
hypotonic
A solution with equal concentrations of water is ____?
isotonic
if an animal cell is placed in a hypotonic solution, the cell will ____?
A. swell
A plant cell is placed in a hypotonic solution will ____?
C. normal
An animal cell placed in a hypertonic solution will ____?
B. shrink
A plant cell placed in a isotonic solution will ___?
B. limp/flaccid
An plant cell that is placed in a hypertonic solution will ___?
C. shrink
____ requires energy and allows cells to gain material in short supply, moves materials against concentration gradient and involves integral proteins.
active transport
This is the elimination of cellular waste, products, or mucous, the fusion of vesicle membranes with plasma membranes and aids in cell growth
exocytosis
This has 3 parts.
Endocytosis
The receptors on cells surface bind with materials needed by the cell.
receptor mediated endocytosis
This is the ingestion of "large" amounts of material and forms a vesicle or vacoule
phagocytosis
This is the ingestion of dissolved materials - non-selective
pinocytosis
this has 2 basic kinds of energy.
cellular energy
This is energy in motion.
Kinetic Energy
This is energy that possesses as a result of its location or structure.
Potential energy
which best describes the structure of a cell membrane?
A. proteins embedded in a bilayer of phospholipids
A protein on the outside or inside of a cell is a ____ protein.
peripheral
the following functions are functions of what? Transport, cellular recognition, adhesive proteins, communications, and receptors
proteins
the plasma membrane is ____?
selectively permeable
this is the capacity to do something.
energy
this type of metabolic reaction releases energy.
exergonic
this type of metabolic reaction requires energy.
endergonic
ATP stands for ___?
Adenosine triphosphate
Enzymes do what?
lower the amount of energy necessary for a reaction to take place and work to either form new bonds or break existing bonds
Catobolic is ____ to _____.
big to small
anabolic is ____ to _____.
small to big
The basics of metabolism is _____.
large molecules break down w/ the aid of enzymes
energy is formed through ___
metabolism.
the 3 catabolic pathways ____.
start with glucose or other suitable carbohydrate.
Aerobic respiration ____.
uses oxygen.
C_H_O_ + _O2 --> _CO2 + _H2O + ~38 ATP
Fill in the blanks.
6, 12, 6; 6; 6; 6;
The four steps in the aerobic respiration are ___, ___, ___, & ___.
Glycolysis, Aceytl CoA, Krebs Cycle or Citric Acid Cycle, and Oxidative Phosphorylation
Where does the 1st step of the aerobic respiration occur?
cytoplasm
Glucose is converted into 2 molecules of ___.
pyruvate
In the glycolysis step, it yields how many molecules of ATP?
2
The other steps occur where?
mitochondria
How many ATP's form from the last step?
32
If you have no ___ you will have no energy transfer in the oxidative phosphorylation step.
O2
There are ___ molecules of ATP and CO2 formed in the Krebs cycle/citric acid cycle.
2
Anaerobic respiration requires no ___, less ____ produced, and mainly occurs in ____.
O2, energy, bacteria
______ is alcoholic or lactate and is also produces less energy and usually with yeast or fungi.
Fermentation
Plants, algae, and some bacteria are _____.
autotrophs
_____ depends upon visible light and chlorophyll and make their own food source using light.
photoautotrophs
____ absorbs all visible light except green.
Chlorophyll
there are two important types of chlorophyll: ____ & _____.
Chlorophyll a & Chlorophyll b
the structure of chloroplast is ____, ____, & ____.
thylakoids, grana, & stroma
Photosynthesis is the capturing of ___
light
light excites electrons within the ____.
chloroplasts
Chlorophyll a absorbs ____ light.
red & violet
Chlorophyll b absorbs ____ light.
blue & orange
Chloroplast is composed of stacks of _______ which form ____. Fluids within the chloroplast is called ____.
thylakoids, grana, stroma
the basic reaction is _____ + __H2O + __CO2 --> __O2 + C_H_O_ + __H2O